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節(jié)水灌溉下不同氮肥施加對稻米品質變異性的影響
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFC0400108)和國家自然科學基金面上項目(51779046)


Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizers Application on Variability of Quality of Paddy with Water-saving Irrigation
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    摘要:

    為探討黑土區(qū)不同氮肥施加對稻米品質及變異性影響,在節(jié)水灌溉條件下以0,、60,、85,、110,、135,、160kg/hm2氮肥處理的典型黑土區(qū)水稻生長基質為例,,采用水稻成熟期蛋白質含量,、直鏈淀粉含量、堊白度3個主要品質指標田間系統(tǒng)采樣數據為研究對象,,運用地統(tǒng)計學原理探討了水稻3個品質指標的變異性,,并建立了半變異函數模型。結果表明:不同施氮量不僅能夠促進稻米品質的改善,,而且可以改變田間區(qū)域內稻米品質的變異性,,除堊白度和不施氮肥處理的蛋白質含量屬中等變異外,其他處理下的水稻3個品質指標均屬于弱變異,。3個指標中直鏈淀粉含量正相關范圍最大,,大于蛋白質含量和堊白度正相關范圍,表明黑土區(qū)不同氮肥管理對直鏈淀粉含量變異結構影響最大,。同時隨著施氮量的增加,土壤中硝態(tài)氮和銨態(tài)氮呈先增加后減小的變化趨勢,,不同施氮量土壤硝態(tài)氮和銨態(tài)氮含量的變化與稻米品質變異強度的順序恰好相反,,由大到小為WS0,、WS60、WS85,、WS160,、WS135、WS110,,通過相關性分析得出硝態(tài)氮對稻米品質變異性起主導作用,,表明不同氮肥的施加可以通過改變土壤中硝態(tài)氮和銨態(tài)氮的含量進而對稻米品質變異性有一定的影響。綜合來看最佳氮肥施用量為110kg/hm2,,水稻3個品質指標及其生長基質均具有較好的區(qū)域化特征和空間結構,。同時引入地統(tǒng)計學理論不僅彌補了經典統(tǒng)計分析的不足,而且可為水肥—土壤—作物系統(tǒng)信息進行空間結構和定量化研究提供理論依據,。

    Abstract:

    In order to discuss the effects of nitrogen fertilizers application on the variability of paddy quality in black soil region, the example of black soil of typical cold area was taken and treated with 0, 60kg/hm2, 85kg/hm2, 110kg/hm2, 135kg/hm2 and 160kg/hm2 of nitrogen fertilizer under water saving irrigation condition. The field system sampling data for three main paddy quality indicators of protein, amylose and chalkiness in mature paddy were studied, the variability of three paddy quality indicators was investigated by using geostatistics theory, and a semi-variogram model was established. The results showed that the different nitrogen applications can not only promote paddy quality improvement, but also reduce paddy quality difference in the field area. Except that chalkiness and protein treated with no nitrogen fertilizer was the medium variation, all the other treatments were weak variation. In these three indicators, amylose was the most largest positive space correlation range, which was greater than the positive correlation of protein and chalkiness space. It was showed that the water and nitrogen management had the greatest influence on the variability of amylose in cold region. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in soil were increased first and then decreased. The changes of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen contents in soils with different nitrogen application rates were in the opposite order to the spatial variation of paddy, which were in a descending trend as WS0, WS60, WS85, WS160, WS135 and WS110, it was showed that the different nitrogen contents had some influence on the variability of paddy quality, the results showed that the application of different nitrogen fertilizers could change the contents of nitrate and ammonium nitrogen in soil and then had a certain impact on the rice quality variability. The optimum nitrogen fertilizer application was 110kg/hm2, and the three paddy quality indexes and its growth matrix had good regional characteristics and spatial structure. The introduction of geostatistics not only compensated the deficiency of classical statistical analysis, but also provided theoretical basis for spatial structure and quantitative research of water-fertilizer-soil-crop system information.

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鄭恩楠,張忠學,楊樺,陳鵬.節(jié)水灌溉下不同氮肥施加對稻米品質變異性的影響[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2018,49(3):271-278. ZHENG Ennan, ZHANG Zhongxue, YANG Hua, CHEN Peng. Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizers Application on Variability of Quality of Paddy with Water-saving Irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(3):271-278.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-08-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-03-10
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