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黑土坡耕地連續(xù)施加生物炭的土壤改良和節(jié)水增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51479033),、國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016YFC0400101)和黑龍江省博士后基金項(xiàng)目(LBH-Z17017)


Influences of Two Consecutive Years Supply of Biochar on Soil Improvement, Water Saving and Yield Increasing in Sloping Farmland of Black Soil Region
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    摘要:

    東北黑土區(qū)土壤肥沃、性狀優(yōu)良,、適宜作物生長(zhǎng),然而大面積坡耕地的水土流失問題嚴(yán)重威脅著區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境和國(guó)家糧食安全,。為探明施加生物炭對(duì)該區(qū)域坡耕地的節(jié)水增產(chǎn)效應(yīng),,以及最優(yōu)施加量與施加年限,基于田間徑流小區(qū)進(jìn)行為期兩年的觀測(cè)試驗(yàn),。2015年,,試驗(yàn)根據(jù)生物炭施加量設(shè)置為C0(0t/hm2)、C25(25t/hm2),、C50(50t/hm2),、C75(75t/hm2)和C100(100t/hm2)5個(gè)處理;2016年,,各處理分別連續(xù)施加等量生物炭,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:施加兩年生物炭均降低了土壤容重、提高了孔隙度和有機(jī)碳密度,,且隨施加量的增加效果越顯著,;2015年實(shí)測(cè)田間持水量隨生物炭施加量呈上升的趨勢(shì),2016年則呈先升后降的趨勢(shì),,上升至C50處理達(dá)到最佳,;2016年C50處理土壤三相比較合理,廣義土壤結(jié)構(gòu)指數(shù)(GSSI)高于其他處理,;連續(xù)兩年施加生物炭均減少了3°坡耕地的年徑流量,,各年份年徑流系數(shù)降低最多的分別為C75(15.44%)和C50(17.27%)處理。適量生物炭也可增加單次降雨后雨水蓄積量和其隨時(shí)間下降的速率和幅度,;2015年和2016年大豆產(chǎn)量最高的處理分別是C75和C50,,增產(chǎn)率分別為27.16%和28.17%,。比較2015年和2016年試驗(yàn)結(jié)果,連續(xù)兩年施加50t/hm2生物炭時(shí),,大豆水分利用效率較對(duì)照處理增幅最高,,為27.67%,節(jié)水增產(chǎn)效果最佳,。

    Abstract:

    The black soil region in Northeast China is rich in soil fertility, good in soil properties, and suitable for crop growth. However, the problem of soil erosion in sloping farmland seriously threatened the regional ecological environment and national food security. To discover the influences of the optimal amount and duration of biochar supply on water saving and yield increasing in slopping farmland of the region, the two years experiments were conducted based on runoff plot in 2015 and 2016. Five treatments were set according to different amounts of biochar, which were 0t/hm2(C0), 25t/hm2(C25), 50t/hm2(C50), 75t/hm2(C75) and 100t/hm2(C100), and the same amount of biochar for each treatment was supplied continuously in the next year. The results showed that biochar made the soil bulk density decreased, and the soil porosity and organic carbon density were increased sharply with the increase of biochar in two years. The field capacity was increased with the increase of biochar in 2015 while which was first increased and then decreased in 2016, and the best one was the treatment of C50. At the same time, the three-phase and generalized soil structure index (GSSI) were the most reasonable in C50 compared with others. The annual runoff in three degrees sloping farmland both were decreased in the two experiment years, and the annual runoff coefficient was decreased most, which was in the treatment of C75 (by 15.44%) in 2015 and C50 (by 17.27%) in 2016. The addition of biochar also could increase the soil water accumulation amount and decrease the rate and magnitude with time after rainfall. The highest yield of soybean was respectively C75 (27.16%) in 2015 and C50 (28.17%) in 2016. Compared the results in 2015 and 2016, the water use efficiency of soybean was increased by 27.67% with 50t/hm2 biochar supply for two years compared with the control treatment, and the effect of water saving and yield increasing of the treatment was the best one.

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魏永霞,張翼鵬,張雨鳳,王睿垠,馬瑛瑛,張奕.黑土坡耕地連續(xù)施加生物炭的土壤改良和節(jié)水增產(chǎn)效應(yīng)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2018,49(2):284-291,,312. WEI Yongxia, ZHANG Yipeng, ZHANG Yufeng, WANG Ruiyin, MA Yingying, ZHANG Yi. Influences of Two Consecutive Years Supply of Biochar on Soil Improvement, Water Saving and Yield Increasing in Sloping Farmland of Black Soil Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(2):284-291,312.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-06-09
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2018-02-10
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