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油菜聯(lián)合直播機組合式船型開溝器設(shè)計與開溝質(zhì)量試驗
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農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(201503118-06),、農(nóng)業(yè)部科研杰出人才及創(chuàng)新團隊項目,、湖北省技術(shù)創(chuàng)新專項重大項目(2016ABA094),、國家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系專項(CARS-12)和中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費專項資金項目(2662017PY006)


Design and Ditching Quality Experiment on Combined Ship Type Opener of Direct Rapeseed Seeder
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    摘要:

    針對冬油菜機械化播種需開畦溝避免漬害的要求,,解決長江中下游地區(qū)土壤黏重板結(jié),、含水率波動大,,導(dǎo)致播種時同步開畦溝的穩(wěn)定性難以保證的實際問題,,設(shè)計了油菜聯(lián)合直播機開畦溝系統(tǒng),提出了一種配合鏵式前犁完成開畦溝功能的組合式船型開溝器,。根據(jù)土壤切削,、擠壓和犁體曲面形成原理,分析了組合式船型開溝器的觸土曲面力學(xué)特性,,確定了其主要結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù),。以工作幅寬為2300mm的2BFQ-8型油菜聯(lián)合直播機為試驗平臺,對鏵式后犁,、船式開溝犁,、組合式船型開溝器3種不同結(jié)構(gòu)型式開溝器,在平均土壤含水率為21.4%,、31.4%,、46.6%,與之對應(yīng)的平均土壤堅實度為1320,、846、539kPa的3種工況下的稻茬田開展了開畦溝性能比較試驗,,并測繪畦溝溝型斷面,。試驗結(jié)果表明:3種工況條件下,組合式船型開溝器均能開出溝寬244.0~271.7mm,、溝深〖JP2〗194.0~229.5mm的梯形溝,,溝寬和溝深穩(wěn)定性系數(shù)均達90%以上。開溝后種床帶廂面寬度穩(wěn)定,,寬度達2039.0~2051.5mm,,滿足油菜種植開畦溝的農(nóng)藝要求。

    Abstract:

    Considering the facts that the winter rapeseed is vulnerable to waterlogging, the furrow should be ditched while mechanical planting. The soil of middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River is sticky and its moisture content fluctuates greatly, which leads the stability of the furrow difficult to be guaranteed at the time of planting. In order to solve the above problems, the design of ditching furrows system for direct rapeseed seeder was carried out, and a combined ship type opener was proposed to achieve ditching the furrow. According to the principle of soil sliding and plow forming, the main structure and technical parameters of combined ship type opener were analyzed and determined. Based on the 2BFQ-8 direct rapeseed seeder whose work width was 2300mm, the ditching performance experiment on rear plow, ship type plow and combined ship type opener was carried out in rice stubble field, whose moisture content was 21.4%, 31.4% and 46.6%, soil compactness was 1320kPa, 846kPa and 539kPa. The furrow sections of furrows were mapped. The ditching performance experiment results indicated that shape of furrows ditched by ship type opener were more stable than that ditched by rear plow, and the width of seed bed which measured after ditched furrows by ship type opener was stable . The width and depth of furrows which ditched by combined ship type opener was 244.0~271.7mm and 194.0~229.5mm, its width stability coefficient and depth stability coefficient were more than 90%. The width of seed bed after ditching was 2039.0~2051.5mm. The experiment result revealed that the furrows ditched by combined ship type opener satisfied the actual production requirements of ditching furrows. The research conclusion had great theoretical value and practical significance to the design of opener which worked under the condition of soil with high moisture content.

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劉曉鵬,肖文立,馬磊,劉立超,萬國偉,廖慶喜.油菜聯(lián)合直播機組合式船型開溝器設(shè)計與開溝質(zhì)量試驗[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2017,48(11):79-87. LIU Xiaopeng, XIAO Wenli, MA Lei, LIU Lichao, WAN Guowei, LIAO Qingxi. Design and Ditching Quality Experiment on Combined Ship Type Opener of Direct Rapeseed Seeder[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11):79-87.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-02-28
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-11-10
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