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新疆地下滴灌棉田一次性滴灌帶埋深數(shù)值模擬與分析
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國家重點研發(fā)計劃項目(2016YFC0501401,、2016YFD02003003)


Numerical Simulation and Analysis on Depth of Disposable Tape in Cotton Field under Subsurface Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang, China
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    摘要:

    由于灌水頻率高,、定額小,,在新疆地區(qū)大面積應(yīng)用膜下滴灌進行棉花種植時,,常出現(xiàn)根系分布淺,、植株易早衰等影響產(chǎn)量的問題,,灌水濕潤區(qū)域相對較深的地下滴灌可能是解決上述問題的方法之一。但因顧及機械耕作和多次使用,,傳統(tǒng)地下滴灌帶通常埋深較大,,致使苗期灌水及管理維護極其不便,。隨著工藝水平提高和生產(chǎn)成本降低,,地下滴灌生產(chǎn)實際中采用一次性滴灌帶已成為可能,本研究通過數(shù)值模擬方法來探討地下滴灌一次性滴灌帶的合理埋深問題,。為了驗證所建立的數(shù)值模型和選用的土壤物理參數(shù),,首先在新疆瑪納斯地區(qū)開展了地下滴灌田間試驗,繼而采用HYDRUS-2D/3D軟件對該試驗條件下的土壤水鹽動態(tài)進行了模擬,。結(jié)果表明,,模擬值與實測值之間整體吻合較好,其中土壤含水量分布的平均絕對誤差Me和均方根差Rm分別不高于0.034,、0.040cm3/cm3,,相關(guān)系數(shù)R最小值為0.8,Nash效率系數(shù)Ns在0.34~0.62之間,;含鹽量Me,、Rm也分別不超過3.31、4.24g/kg,,R最小值為0.6,,Ns在-0.06~0.38之間,相關(guān)模型和參數(shù)較為合理可靠,。在此基礎(chǔ)上,,對該地區(qū)不同滴灌帶埋深(分別設(shè)為5、15,、30cm)情景下灌水過程中的水鹽運動規(guī)律進行了進一步模擬與分析,,結(jié)果表明:不同埋深導(dǎo)致土壤淡化和積鹽區(qū)域分布不同,,淡化區(qū)域主要集中在滴灌帶附近,在遠離滴灌帶的濕潤鋒邊緣出現(xiàn)積鹽,;隨著滴灌帶埋深加大,,土面蒸發(fā)損失逐漸降低,但對表層土壤供水能力也相應(yīng)減弱,;綜合考慮回收利用,、棉花苗期水分供應(yīng)、根區(qū)淡化脫鹽需求及單方水的淡化脫鹽效率等因素,,當(dāng)?shù)氐叵碌喂嗝尢镆淮涡缘喂鄮Р灰寺裨O(shè)過深,,建議布置在15cm左右。

    Abstract:

    The technology of film mulched drip irrigation(FMDI is applied widely to cotton cultivation in Xinjiang, China. Resulted from its characteristics of high ratio and small amount of irrigation, a problem of shallow roots and weak adversity resistance is often found in practice and thus would limit further development of FMDI. Since the irrigation water is supplied deeper in the root zone, the subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is easily to be considered as an alternative to solve the problem. To avoid probable damage from mechanical farming and prolong the application duration, the irrigation tape in a traditional SDI system is usually buried in deeper root zone (e.g. beneath 35cm from the soil surface), which might be extremely inconvenient for seedling irrigation and management maintenance of the irrigation system. In fact, with the technological progress and cost reduction for manufacturing the irrigation tape, the practical use of disposable drip irrigation tape is becoming more and more popular. The objective was to explore the reasonable depth of disposable drip irrigation tape in SDI by using numerical simulation method. The HYDRUS-2D/3D software was used to simulate the dynamics of soil water and salt, and a field experiment was conducted in Manasi County of Xinjiang autonomous region to validate the numerical model and selected hydraulic parameters. Simulated and observed soil water content distributions were in good agreement with the maximum mean absolute error (Me) and root mean square error (Rm) of 0.034cm3/cm3 and 0.040cm3/cm3, the minimum correlation coefficient (R) of 0.8 and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (Ns) of 0.34~0.62, respectively, between them. Correspondingly for soil salinity distributions, the values of maximum Me and Rm were 3.31g/kg and 4.24g/kg, the minimum R was 0.6 and Ns were -0.06~0.38, respectively, which was also in acceptable range. Then the transport processes of soil water and salt under SDI with different burying depths H (5cm, 15cm and 30cm, respectively) for irrigation tape were simulated by using the validated numerical model and hydraulic parameters. The results showed that salt was gradually driven away from the tape by irrigation water, with soil salinity decreased around the tape but increased near the wetting front. While the increase of H resulted in decrease of evaporation loss, the shallow soil layers near surface would be more and more difficult to be wetted by irrigation water. Synthesizing the factors such as recycling convenience of disposable tape, water requirement for cotton seedling, desalination demand of root zone and water use efficiency for desalination, local disposable tape of SDI was recommended to set at about 15cm, a moderate depth from the soil surface.

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李顯溦,石建初,王數(shù),左強.新疆地下滴灌棉田一次性滴灌帶埋深數(shù)值模擬與分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2017,48(9):191-198,,222. LI Xianwei, SHI Jianchu, WANG Shu, ZUO Qiang. Numerical Simulation and Analysis on Depth of Disposable Tape in Cotton Field under Subsurface Drip Irrigation in Xinjiang, China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):191-198,,222.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-05-05
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-09-10
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