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可調(diào)節(jié)式秸稈粉碎拋撒還田機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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農(nóng)業(yè)部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(201503136)和教育部創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)發(fā)展計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(IRT13039)


Design and Experiment on Straw Chopper Cum Spreader with Adjustable Spreading Device
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)秸稈粉碎還田機(jī)粉碎后的秸稈拋撒均勻度差和幅寬不可調(diào)節(jié)等問題,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種可調(diào)節(jié)式秸稈粉碎拋撒還田機(jī)。該機(jī)主要由曲面機(jī)殼、粉碎裝置,、拋撒裝置和傳動(dòng)裝置等組成,,可以實(shí)現(xiàn)玉米,、小麥秸稈的粉碎和粉碎后秸稈的拋撒還田,。曲面機(jī)殼包括對(duì)數(shù)螺旋線型前殼體,、左側(cè)板,、右側(cè)板和后擋板等,。 Fluent仿真分析結(jié)果表明,曲面機(jī)殼相比傳統(tǒng)折線型機(jī)殼有利于提高秸稈在機(jī)殼內(nèi)的流動(dòng)性,。粉碎裝置包括粉碎刀軸,、組合甩刀、定刀等,,其中粉碎刀軸兩端裝有扇形葉片,,提高了曲面機(jī)殼內(nèi)流體流動(dòng)速度和曲面機(jī)殼入口處秸稈喂入性能。在曲面機(jī)殼出口處增加了裝有導(dǎo)向葉片的導(dǎo)流板,,并設(shè)計(jì)了一種同步調(diào)節(jié)所有導(dǎo)向葉片的導(dǎo)向葉片同步調(diào)節(jié)裝置,,實(shí)現(xiàn)了粉碎后秸稈拋撒幅寬、均勻度的可調(diào)節(jié),。田間試驗(yàn)表明,,在拖拉機(jī)前進(jìn)速度為1.8m/s,秸稈平均含水率為78.4%,,拖拉機(jī)動(dòng)力輸出軸轉(zhuǎn)速為540r/min的未收獲玉米地里,,秸稈粉碎長(zhǎng)度合格率達(dá)90.01%,平均拋撒幅寬達(dá)2223.3mm,,平均留茬高度為62.0mm,,拋撒不均勻度為22.95%,各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)均滿足要求,。

    Abstract:

    A straw chopper cum spreader was developed to deal with the problems of unadjustable chopped straw spreading uniformity and width. The machine which was mainly composed of a curved shell, transmission system, eight guide vanes, a deflector, a guide vane regulating device, a running gear, a hood and a straw chopping device can realize the function of crop straw chopping and chopped straw spreading. The front casing of the shell was a logarithmic spiral line surface, and the equation of the front casing was built. The comparison between curved type shell and break line type shell was made by using Fluent software, the results of which showed that the curved type shell could improve the flowability of straw in the shell. A row of stationary blades was mounted to support the chopping process of the combined flails, which could help to reduce length of the chopped straw. The distance between the stationary blade and combined flail was determined according to the chopping quality. The fan-shaped blades which were mounted on both side of the roller increased the fluid flow rate, and improved the straw feeding ability. The guide vane can guide the flow of chopped straw at the outlet of the shell, which improved the spreading uniformity of the chopped straw. The guide vane regulating device can control the spreading width, velocity and uniformity of the chopped straw by adjusting the guide vanes position on the deflector. The structural parameters of the guide vane regulating device were determined according to the features of mechanisms. Field experiment results showed that with the forward speed of 1.8m/s, straw moisture of 78.4%, and PTO rotation speed of 540r/min in the unharvested cornfield, the machine could achieve a qualification rate of straw chopping of 90.01%, spreading width of 2223.3mm, average stubble height of 62.0mm, and spreading unevenness of 22.95%. The performance indexes of the machine satisfied the agronomic requirements of returning straw onto soil surface. The research can provide some references for the design of new chopper with good straw chopping and spreading ability.

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章志強(qiáng),何進(jìn),李洪文,王慶杰,琚佳偉,鄢雄磊.可調(diào)節(jié)式秸稈粉碎拋撒還田機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(9):76-87. ZHANG Zhiqiang, HE Jin, LI Hongwen, WANG Qingjie, JU Jiawei, YAN Xionglei. Design and Experiment on Straw Chopper Cum Spreader with Adjustable Spreading Device[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):76-87.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-12-18
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-09-10
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