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被動(dòng)滾筒式免耕播種成穴機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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黑龍江省博士后科研啟動(dòng)基金項(xiàng)目(LBH-Q14024)


Design and Experiment on Passive Drum-type No-till Planter Cavitation Mechanism
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)傳統(tǒng)免耕播種機(jī)在作業(yè)時(shí)需對(duì)秸稈及殘茬進(jìn)行剪切或移除,,從而存在對(duì)切割部件性能要求高,、功耗大,、揚(yáng)塵以及秸稈纏繞堵塞等問(wèn)題,,研究一種滾筒穴式免耕播種成穴機(jī)構(gòu),實(shí)現(xiàn)在不對(duì)地表覆蓋物進(jìn)行任何專門處理的情況下穿透成穴,。核心機(jī)構(gòu)由鴨嘴滾輪排種裝置和由其鴨嘴驅(qū)動(dòng)的被動(dòng)式滾筒組成,,二者處于內(nèi)相切關(guān)系。轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的滾筒將秸稈碾壓成一薄層,,鴨嘴從滾筒內(nèi)伸出并穿透這一秸稈薄層后進(jìn)行成穴并投放種子,。基于運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析,,建立鴨嘴驅(qū)動(dòng)角φ,、鴨嘴助力角α、鴨嘴滾輪排種裝置的角速度ω0,、滾筒角速度ω1之間的數(shù)學(xué)模型,。對(duì)于100mm整數(shù)倍株距的播種情況,運(yùn)用Matlab(Matrix laboratory)圖像處理模塊對(duì)方程進(jìn)行分析,,以結(jié)構(gòu)及工作要求為約束條件,,以滾筒轉(zhuǎn)速波動(dòng)平緩為主要衡量指標(biāo),結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊為輔助衡量指標(biāo),,優(yōu)化得出鴨嘴滾輪排種裝置半徑為200mm,,滾筒半徑為400mm,鴨嘴助力角α為23°,,初始驅(qū)動(dòng)角φ為31°,,進(jìn)一步的幾何分析計(jì)算得出滾筒上設(shè)置的驅(qū)動(dòng)孔個(gè)數(shù)為23個(gè),尺寸為84mm×32mm,。運(yùn)用CATIA進(jìn)行數(shù)字樣機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)仿真,,分析滾筒在鴨嘴驅(qū)動(dòng)下實(shí)際情況和角速度的變化規(guī)律,驗(yàn)證了理論分析,。樣機(jī)試驗(yàn)表明被動(dòng)滾筒式免耕播種成穴機(jī)構(gòu)滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求,,工作過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)單可靠,為免耕播種提供了一種有效的技術(shù)手段,。

    Abstract:

    For the traditional no-tillage planter, the straw and stubble could be cut or removed in the operation, so there was still high quality of performance requirements for cutting components, large power consumption, dust pollution and twining of straw and other issues. A kind of hill-mechanisms of no-tillage seeding was studied, which could penetrate the obstacles and then the hole was formed without any special treatment to the covering of surface. The key mechanism consisted of a duckbill type of roller seeding device and a passive roller driven by its own duckbill, both of which were in internal tangential relationship. The straw was rolled into a thin layer by the rotating drum, and then the duckbill reached and passed through the thin layer of straw to form a hole and accomplish seeding. Based on the kinematics analysis, the mathematical model among the drive angle (φ) of the duckbill, the power angle (α) of the duckbill, the angular velocity (ω0) of duckbill type of roller seeding device and the angular velocity (ω1) of the drum was established. According to the seeding condition that the spacing must be integral multiple of 100mm, the Matlab (matrix laboratory) image processing module was used to analyze the equation of the models, and the structure and work requirements were chosen as the constraints, the speed fluctuation of rotating drum was selected as the main measure index and the compact condition of structure as the auxiliary measure index, thus optimized to obtain the optimal combination of the parameters: the radius of the duckbill wheel seeding device was 200mm, the radius of the rotating roller was 400mm, the power angle of the duckbill (α) was 23°, and the initial driving angle (φ) was 31°, then the number of driving holes of the rotating drum was calculated as 23, the size of which was 84mm×32mm by the method of further geometric analysis. Using CATIA to do digital prototype motion simulation, the practical situation and the change rule of angular velocity when the rotating drum under the action of the duckbill were analyzed, therefore the theoretical analysis was verified. The prototype test showed that the passive roller type of no-till planter hill-mechanism could meet the design requirements, it was simple and reliable in working process and it was also an effective technical choice for no-tillage seeding.

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引用本文

劉宏新,聞浩楠,改廣偉,唐師法.被動(dòng)滾筒式免耕播種成穴機(jī)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(9):53-61. LIU Hongxin, WEN Haonan, GAI Guangwei, TANG Shifa. Design and Experiment on Passive Drum-type No-till Planter Cavitation Mechanism[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):53-61.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-12-12
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-09-10
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