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油菜精量播種技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51575218),、國(guó)家油菜產(chǎn)業(yè)體系專項(xiàng)(CARS-13)、農(nóng)業(yè)部科研杰出人才及其創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)項(xiàng)目和湖北省技術(shù)創(chuàng)新專項(xiàng)重大項(xiàng)目(2016ABA094)


Research Progress of Precision Seeding for Rapeseed
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    摘要:

    油菜精量播種技術(shù)是機(jī)械化,、規(guī)?;N植實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)本增效的重要途徑之一,,也是油菜全程機(jī)械化的研究重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn),。本文分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外油菜生產(chǎn)概況和主要播種裝備,,重點(diǎn)闡述了油菜播種環(huán)節(jié)的精量排種,、種床整理和播種智能化等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)的研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展動(dòng)態(tài),。油菜精量排種技術(shù)作為精量播種的基礎(chǔ)和核心,,依據(jù)不同的結(jié)構(gòu)和原理分為單體式排種技術(shù)和集中式排種技術(shù);闡明了油菜種植的播種深度和畦溝深度穩(wěn)定性影響要素及其保證播種和畦溝深度及廂面平整度的實(shí)現(xiàn)方式,;分析了油菜精量排種器漏播檢測(cè)補(bǔ)種,、自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航和變量播種技術(shù)等3項(xiàng)油菜播種智能化技術(shù)的研究進(jìn)展。在系統(tǒng)總結(jié)和分析我國(guó)油菜種植特點(diǎn)和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)的基礎(chǔ)上,,指出了現(xiàn)階段油菜精量播種技術(shù)難點(diǎn),,并提出高速、寬幅,、高效和精量的氣力式排種技術(shù),、播深穩(wěn)定性調(diào)控技術(shù)、降附減阻防堵的耕整地技術(shù)和農(nóng)機(jī)農(nóng)藝農(nóng)信深度融合技術(shù)是油菜精量播種技術(shù)的研究重點(diǎn),。自動(dòng)導(dǎo)航,、排種器漏播檢測(cè)和變量播種等技術(shù)是提升油菜播種智能化水平的關(guān)鍵技術(shù),。

    Abstract:

    Rapeseed is an important oil plant in China. Precision seeding technology is an important method to decrease the costs and increase the efficiency of mechanical and scale operation for rapeseed and is also the important and difficult research point for rapeseed full mechanization. The planting status and main seeding equipments of rapeseed at home and abroad were concluded. The research status and development tendency for the key seeding technologies including precision seeding, seedbed preparation and intelligent seeding, were analyzed. Precision seeding technology, as the basic and key aspect for precision seeding, included one-row and centralized seeding technologies, according to different structure and principle of seeding device. The factor to affect the stability of seeding depth and furrow depth for rapeseed planting and the method to ensure the seeding depth, furrow depth and seedbed surface flatness were studied. The intelligent technologies for rapeseed sowing were consisted of technology of loss sowing detection and variable reseeding, automatic navigation and variable sowing. Moreover, the conclusion and prospection for the planting characteristics and development trend were provided from following three aspects: firstly, the precision seeding technology had the performance with high speed, wide work breadth, high efficiency and precision seeding; secondly, the technology to control the seeding depth, the tillage technology to reduce resistance and adherence were the research focus for improving rapeseed seedling rate and protecting seedlings from waterlogging; thirdly, combined agricultural machinery, agronomy and information technology is benefit to population structure and yield. Technologies of loss sowing detection and variable reseeding, automatic navigation and variable sowing promote the intelligent level of rapeseed planter and improve the intelligent development for rapeseed sowing.

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廖慶喜,雷小龍,廖宜濤,丁幼春,張青松,王磊.油菜精量播種技術(shù)研究進(jìn)展[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(9):1-16. LIAO Qingxi, LEI Xiaolong, LIAO Yitao, DING Youchun, ZHANG Qingsong, WANG Lei. Research Progress of Precision Seeding for Rapeseed[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(9):1-16.

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  • 收稿日期:2017-08-02
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-09-10
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