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滴灌水肥條件對櫻桃產(chǎn)量、品質和土壤理化性質的影響
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北京市科技計劃項目(D151100004115003)


Effect of Water and Fertilizer Conditions under Drip Irrigation on Yield, Quality of Cherry and Physicochemical Properties of Soil
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    摘要:

    以櫻桃果樹為研究對象,通過滴灌對植株進行灌溉施肥,設置9個不同水、肥量的試驗處理,測定了櫻桃果園土壤水分和理化性質,同時測定不同處理下櫻桃果實產(chǎn)量和品質,綜合分析了土壤養(yǎng)分各指標與櫻桃果實微量元素之間的線性關系,引入Spearman秩相關系數(shù)法對土壤養(yǎng)分各指標與果實品質各指標作了敏感性分析。結果表明:不同水分處理下,在櫻桃整個生育期內(nèi),土壤含水率呈下降趨勢,在灌水時期,灌水越多,淺層土壤含水率越高,而對較深層次土壤含水率無明顯影響。試驗處理下的水肥條件能顯著提高櫻桃果實品質,較高施肥量能提高果實果徑;適當灌水量能顯著提高果實硬度;較高施肥量和較低灌水量能降低可滴定酸含量;較低灌水量和施肥量能提高可溶性固形物含量;中等施肥量和較低灌水量能提高粗蛋白的含量;較低灌水量和較低施肥量能提高果實內(nèi)維生素C含量;適當灌水量以及較低施肥量能提高可溶性總糖含量。土壤中銨態(tài)氮與硝態(tài)氮含量處于不穩(wěn)定狀況,養(yǎng)分變化無明顯規(guī)律;土壤各養(yǎng)分指標中,有機質含量與果實內(nèi)全鐵含量正相關;有效銨態(tài)氮含量與全氯含量呈正相關;有效硝態(tài)氮含量與果實內(nèi)全鈣、全鋅、全氯含量呈正相關;有效磷含量與全鐵含量正相關;速效鉀含量與全鈣含量呈負相關。土壤養(yǎng)分中,銨態(tài)氮、硝態(tài)氮含量與果實品質中的大多數(shù)指標有著密切聯(lián)系。

    Abstract:

    Totally nine experimental treatments for cherry trees with different water-fertilizer amounts were established through fertigation with drip irrigation method, based on which the soil moisture and physicochemical property of cherry orchard were measured, as well as output and quality of cherry fruit under different treatments. Results showed that under different treatments, during the whole growth period of cherry trees, soil moisture content had a downward trend;during the irrigation period, the more the irrigation amount was, the higher the moisture content of shallow soil was, and it had no obvious influence on the deep soil. Water-fertilizer conditions under such experimental treatments can significantly improve the fruit quality. Higher fertilizer amount can increase fruit diameters;appropriate water amount can significantly improve the fruit hardness;higher fertilizer amount and lower water amount can reduce the content of titratable acid;lower water and fertilizer amounts can increase the soluble solid content;middle-level fertilizer amount and lower water amount can increase the crude protein content;lower water and fertilizer amounts can increase the vitamin C content of fruit, and appropriate water amount and lower fertilizer amount can increase the content of total soluble sugar. The linear relations between various indexes of soil nutrients and microelements of cherry fruit were comprehensively analyzed, and the sensitivity analysis regarding various indexes of soil nutrients and fruit quality was conducted by introducing Spearman rank correlation coefficient method. Ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen contents in soil were under instable conditions and no clear rules were found in nutrient changes;among various indexes of soil nutrients, the organic content had positive correlation with full iron content of fruit;the content of available ammonium nitrogen had positive correlation with total chlorine content;content of available nitrate nitrogen had positive correlation with contents of total calcium, zinc and chlorine of fruit;content of available phosphate had positive correlation with full iron content;content of rapidly available potassium was negatively correlated with full calcium content. Among soil nutrients, ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen had close relations with most indexes of fruit quality.

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李憑峰,譚煌,王嘉航,楊培嶺.滴灌水肥條件對櫻桃產(chǎn)量、品質和土壤理化性質的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2017,48(7):236-246. LI Pingfeng, TAN Huang, WANG Jiahang, YANG Peiling. Effect of Water and Fertilizer Conditions under Drip Irrigation on Yield, Quality of Cherry and Physicochemical Properties of Soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(7):236-246.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-11-04
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-07-10
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