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種植方式對(duì)華北平原典型農(nóng)田土壤微形態(tài)特征的影響
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41571317),、“十二五”國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2012BAD14B01),、環(huán)保公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(2013467036)和陜西省重點(diǎn)科技創(chuàng)新團(tuán)隊(duì)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2016KCT—23)


Effect of Planting Patterns on Soil Micro Structure in Typical Farmland of Huabei Plain
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    摘要:

    以華北平原曲周18年長(zhǎng)期定位試驗(yàn)的農(nóng)田土壤為研究對(duì)象,利用偏光顯微鏡觀察常規(guī)種植、無公害種植和有機(jī)種植3種種植方式下的土壤薄片,,研究種植方式對(duì)土壤微形態(tài)特征的影響。結(jié)果表明:3種種植方式下的土壤和土壤粗顆粒的礦物組合基本一致,,主要由石英和長(zhǎng)石組成,,但顆粒的形態(tài)和粒徑有一定差別;有機(jī)種植下,土壤表層結(jié)構(gòu)由中度分離的塊狀和板狀結(jié)構(gòu)為主變?yōu)閳F(tuán)粒結(jié)構(gòu)為主,,發(fā)育良好的團(tuán)聚體含量明顯增加,,土壤容重顯著下降,有機(jī)質(zhì)顯著增加;表層土壤容重為1.19g/cm3,,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量為22.67g/kg,,總孔隙度高達(dá)32%。常規(guī)種植條件下,,土壤表層結(jié)構(gòu)以中度分離的塊狀結(jié)構(gòu)為主,,土壤結(jié)構(gòu)較為緊實(shí),發(fā)育程度較低;表層土壤容重為1.30g/cm3,,有機(jī)質(zhì)含量為18.42g/kg,,表層的總孔隙度為30%。無公害種植條件下,,土壤表層結(jié)構(gòu)以中度分離的團(tuán)塊狀結(jié)構(gòu)和少量的高度分離的粒狀結(jié)構(gòu)為主,,土壤結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)育程度居于有機(jī)種植和常規(guī)種植二者之間。因此,,有機(jī)種植條件下土壤結(jié)構(gòu)疏松,,土壤透氣性良好,有利于作物生長(zhǎng),。

    Abstract:

    Based on an 18-year experiment with different planting patterns in Quzhou County of Huabei Plain, the farmland soils under the conventional cultivation, pollution-free cultivation and organic planting conditions were used to investigate the effects of planting patterns on soil micro morphological characteristics. Soil samples under the three planting conditions were collected and then soil thin sections were made. Soil micro morphological characteristics in soil thin sections were segmented from cross plain light photographs by image analysis. Results showed that the three soils were quite similar in mineral composition under three planting patterns. Their coarse granules were mainly formed of quartz and feldspar, but there was somewhat difference in size and shape of particles. The soil matrix and soil aggregates were well developed and soil organic matters were increased by about 25% under the organic planting condition, compared with conventional cultivation. The organic planting led to the highest soil pore area and soil surface porosity was up to 32%, the bulk density was the lowest with value of 1.19g/cm3 and the organic matter was the highest of 22.67g/kg. Under the conventional cultivation condition, the bulk density of topsoil was 1.30g/cm3, the organic matter was 18.42g/kg, the soil surface porosity was 30%, and soil structure was tight and under-developed. Under the pollution-free cultivation condition, the development degree of soil structure was bigger than that under the conventional cultivation condition, but it was less than that under organic planting condition. Therefore, soil structure was loose and well developed under the organic cultivation condition for plant growth.

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孫增慧,韓霽昌,劉哲,呂貽忠.種植方式對(duì)華北平原典型農(nóng)田土壤微形態(tài)特征的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(5):282-289. SUN Zenghui, HAN Jichang, LIU Zhe, Lü Yizhong. Effect of Planting Patterns on Soil Micro Structure in Typical Farmland of Huabei Plain[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(5):282-289.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-08-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-05-10
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