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調(diào)虧灌溉和灌溉方式對香梨樹吸收根系重分布的影響
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“十一五”國家科技支撐計劃項(xiàng)目(2007BAD38B00)和國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(50879087)


Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation and Irrigation Mode on Fine Roots Redistribution of Fragrant Pear Trees
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    摘要:

    于2009—2010年開展了田間試驗(yàn),研究了調(diào)虧灌溉對成齡庫爾勒香梨樹吸收根系重分布的影響,。灌溉方式為地表滴灌與漫灌,,滴灌試驗(yàn)包括輕度與重度水分脅迫處理(在新梢及果實(shí)生長緩慢期分別按蒸發(fā)量的60%與40%灌溉,在其他生育期按蒸發(fā)量的80%灌溉),,對照處理為充分灌溉,,在整個生育期按蒸發(fā)量的80%灌溉。每年4—8月份,,漫灌每月灌溉1次,灌水定額為300mm,。所有處理在2009年之前均為漫灌,。研究結(jié)果表明,成齡庫爾勒香梨樹的吸收根系主要分布于地表以下20~60cm。梨樹需要2a時間調(diào)整吸收根系的分布以適應(yīng)灌溉方式由漫灌轉(zhuǎn)為滴灌,。土壤水分脅迫減小了梨樹吸收根系的根長,抑制了梨樹的營養(yǎng)生長,,其后恢復(fù)充分灌溉可促進(jìn)根系的生長,。梨樹新梢及果實(shí)生長緩慢期的土壤水分脅迫對根系生長的抑制效果超過了對新梢生長的抑制;但吸收根系的生長與果實(shí)產(chǎn)量之間并無顯著的相關(guān)性。

    Abstract:

    Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of regulated deficit irrigation on the fine roots redistribution of mature Korla fragrant pear trees planted in the oasis in 2009 and 2010. The experiment consisted of drip and flood irrigation plots. The drip irrigation plots included two water deficit treatments: applying 60% (moderate) and 40% (severe) of pan evaporation during the slow growth stage of both shoot and fruit (stage 2), and 80% (full irrigation) of pan evaporation in the two other stages, and the control treatment: applying 80% of pan evaporation during the whole growth season. The flood irrigation plots were irrigated with amount of 300mm per month from April to August. All the experimental plots were flood irrigated before 2009. The results showed that fine roots of mature Korla fragrant pear trees mainly distributed in 20~60cm soil layers. The previously flood irrigated Korla fragrant pear trees spent two years on adapting to the irrigation mode transformation from flood irrigation to drip irrigation through redistributing their fine roots. Water stresses decreased fine roots length and inhibited the vegetative growth of fragrant pear trees, while the resumption of full irrigation boosted their growth. The water deficit inhibited fine roots development more effectively than shoots, owing to the near cessation of shoot growth in stage 2. However, no remarkable correlations between fine roots length and fruit yield were observed. The results provided the theoretical basics for regulated deficit irrigation application to the mature fruit trees planted in the extremely arid regions.

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武陽,趙智,王偉,黃興法,馬英杰.調(diào)虧灌溉和灌溉方式對香梨樹吸收根系重分布的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2017,48(5):244-250,,257. WU Yang, ZHAO Zhi, WANG Wei, HUANG Xingfa, MA Yingjie. Effect of Regulated Deficit Irrigation and Irrigation Mode on Fine Roots Redistribution of Fragrant Pear Trees[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(5):244-250,,257.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-09-16
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-05-10
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