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生物炭對溫室黃瓜根際土壤真菌豐度和根系生長的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(31660602)


Effect of Biochar on Fungal Abundance of Rhizosphere Soil and Cucumber Root Growth in Greenhouse
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    摘要:

    利用玉米秸稈生物炭,,以日光溫室黃瓜為試驗對象,,以土壤分別施入20,、40,、60t/hm2生物炭為處理,,研究玉米秸稈生物炭施用對黃瓜根際土壤真菌群落和根系生長的影響及其機制,。試驗結(jié)果表明:土壤中生物炭施用量為20~60t/hm2時,,在黃瓜結(jié)果期可不同程度提高根系數(shù),、根系體積和根系活力,顯著提高真菌中子囊菌門和接合菌門的豐度,,增加擔(dān)子菌門,、壺菌門和球囊菌門豐度而極大降低雜菌比例,明顯提高子囊菌門Incertae sedis 27,、毛殼菌科,、小子囊菌科,、毛球殼科、假散囊菌科等11個科以及接合菌門被孢霉科,、球囊菌門球囊霉科,、擔(dān)子菌門糞銹傘科、壺菌門小壺菌科的豐度,;生物炭處理土壤后,,子囊菌門Incertae sedis 27、毛球殼科,、假散囊菌科,、黃絲菌科和接合菌門被孢霉科的真菌在促進根系生長方面的作用最為明顯,主要通過根被組織聚集,、促進根系對營養(yǎng)元素吸收,、提高土壤中有機質(zhì)和養(yǎng)分含量、促進土壤中有機物質(zhì)分解等而最終有利于黃瓜的根系生長,。綜合分析認(rèn)為,,生物炭施用量20t/hm2處理效果最為明顯,與對照相比,,根系數(shù),、根系體積和根系活力分別提高20.52%、50.73%和16.11%,。

    Abstract:

    The cucumber of solar greenhouse was selected to study the effect of biochar of corn straw on fungal abundance of rhizosphere soil and root growth of cucumber in fruiting period. The influence mechanism was found by the test. In the test, treatments were amounts of 20t/hm2, 40t/hm2 and 60t/hm2 of biochar which were respectively applied to the soil of solar greenhouse. The results showed that root number, root volume and root activity were improved in various degrees, the fungal abundances of Ascomycota, Zygomycota were increased significantly, and the fungal abundances of Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota and Glomeromycota were promoted but the proportion of hybrid bacterium was reduced greatly, when the amount of biochar was 20~60t/hm2 in fruiting period of cucumber. The results also showed that the fungal abundances of Incertae sedis 27, Chaetomiaceae, Microascaceae, Lasiosphaeriaceae, Pseudeurotiaceae, Onygenaceae, Gymnoascaceae, Nectriaceae, Incertae sedis 3, Cephalothecaceae, Coniochaetaceae, Mortierellaceae, Glomeraceae, Bolbitiaceae and Spizellomycetaceae were improved by the application of biochar. Results showed that the effect of biochar on promoting root growth was more obvious for the fungi of Incertae sedis 27, Chaetomiaceae, Pseudeurotiaceae, Cephalothecaceae and Mortierellaceae, and these fungi promoted the root growth of cucumber by means of organizing in the root, promoting root to absorb nutrient, increasing organic matter and nutrient content, and promoting the decomposition of organic material. By comprehensive comparison, the effect of application rate of 20t/hm2 of biochar was better than those of other treatments, and the treatment of 20t/hm2 significantly improved the root number, root volume and root activity by 20.52%, 50.73% and 16.11%, respectively, compared with the test control in fruiting period of cucumber.

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李發(fā)虎,李明,劉金泉,胡云,張清梅,趙恒棟.生物炭對溫室黃瓜根際土壤真菌豐度和根系生長的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2017,48(4):265-270,,341. LI Fahu, LI Ming, LIU Jinquan, HU Yun, ZHANG Qingmei, ZHAO Hengdong. Effect of Biochar on Fungal Abundance of Rhizosphere Soil and Cucumber Root Growth in Greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(4):265-270,341.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-10-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-04-10
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