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控制灌溉水稻葉片水分利用效率影響因素分析
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51179049、51509105)和山東省自然科學(xué)基金項目(ZR2014EEQ020)


Influence Factors Analysis of Rice Leaf Water Use Efficiency under Controlled Irrigation
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    摘要:

    為了揭示節(jié)水灌溉水稻葉片水分利用效率的影響因素及水分高效利用機(jī)制,設(shè)置控制灌溉(控灌)和淹水灌溉(淹灌)2種灌溉方式開展田間試驗,,研究節(jié)水灌溉水稻葉片水分利用效率與氣孔調(diào)節(jié)以及相關(guān)環(huán)境因素的關(guān)系,建立葉片水分利用效率的回歸方程,,并對影響因素進(jìn)行通徑分析。結(jié)果表明,,水稻葉片蒸騰速率(Tr),、光合速率(Pn)和葉片水分利用效率(LWUE)與氣孔導(dǎo)度(Gs)呈良好的二次曲線關(guān)系,控灌水稻通過較低的氣孔開度便可獲得較優(yōu)的葉片水分利用效率,。葉片水分利用效率(LWUE)與空氣溫度(Ta),、葉片溫度(Tl)、葉氣溫差(ΔT),、空氣CO2濃度(Ca)和光合有效輻射量(Par)等環(huán)境因素呈二次曲線關(guān)系,,與胞間CO2濃度(Ci)呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,,與土壤含水率(θ)呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,,與相對濕度(Rh)呈指數(shù)關(guān)系。由Ta,、Tl,、ΔT組成的“溫度因子”對水稻葉片水分利用效率的貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)39.19%,而由Ca和Ci組成的“CO2濃度因子”的貢獻(xiàn)率為22.94%,,由Rh和θ組成的“水分因子”的貢獻(xiàn)率為17.81%,,由Par組成的“光照因子”貢獻(xiàn)率為9.01%。在此基礎(chǔ)上,,建立了葉片水分利用效率回歸方程,,并對各影響因素進(jìn)行通徑分析,對于控制灌溉稻田來說,,影響葉片水分利用效率的主要因素不是光合有效輻射量,、氣孔導(dǎo)度和土壤含水率等,而是胞間CO2濃度,、葉片溫度和相對濕度等因素,。

    Abstract:

    In order to investigate the impact factors and mechanism of high water use efficiency under water-saving irrigation technology, experiment with two irrigation treatments was carried out in rice field, including flooding irrigation (FI) and nonflooding controlled irrigation (NFI). In the FI rice fields, a depth of 3~5cm standing water was always maintained after transplantation, except during the drainage period in later tillering and yellow maturity stages. In the NFI rice fields, the pond water was kept between 5mm and 25mm during the first 7~8d after transplantation at the regreening stage. At other stages, irrigation was applied only to keep the soil moist and flooding was avoided;standing water up to 5cm depth in NFI fields was maintained for less than 5d just to meet the requirements for the pesticide or fertilizer application. The relationships between stomatal regulation, environmental factors and leaf water use efficiency were studied, meanwhile, the regression equations of leaf water use efficiency were established, and the path analysis method was applied to analyze the impact factors. The results showed that there was a quadratic regression equation between stomatal conductance (Gs) and transpiration rate (Tr), photosynthetic rate (Pn), leaf water use efficiency (LWUE) under NFI treatment, to maintain high LWUE, optimal stomatal conductance was 0.54mol/(m2·s), and the peak value was appeared earlier than that of FI treatment. There was also a quadratic regression equation between LWUE and environmental factors, including air temperature (Ta), leaf temperature (Tl), leaf-air temperature difference (ΔT) , air CO2 concentration (Ca) and photosynthesis available radiation (Par). While LWUE was negatively related to intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and positively correlated with soil moisture (θ), the relationship between LWUE and relative humidity (Rh) was exponential. The temperature factors composed of Ta, Tl and ΔT contributed 39.19% to LWUE,while the CO2 concentration factors composed of Ca and Ci contributed 17.81%, the vapor factor composed of Rh and θ contributed 17.81%, and the light factor composed of Par contributed 9.01%. Furthermore, the regression equation of LWUE was established, and the path analysis method was applied to analyze the impact factors, as for the NFI treatment, it was found that Par, Gs and θ may not be the main influence factors, the sensitive indicators affecting the LWUE were Ci, Tl and Rh.

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龐桂斌,徐征和,楊士紅,徐俊增.控制灌溉水稻葉片水分利用效率影響因素分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2017,48(4):233-241. PANG Guibin, XU Zhenghe, YANG Shihong, XU Junzeng. Influence Factors Analysis of Rice Leaf Water Use Efficiency under Controlled Irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(4):233-241.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-11-29
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-04-10
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