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灌水施氮方式對玉米生育期土壤NO3--N時(shí)空分布的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51079124)、國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863 計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2011AA100504)和中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(QN2011067)


Effects of Different Nitrogen Supply and Irrigation Methods on Spatial-temporal Distribution of Soil Nitrate Nitrogen during Maize Growth
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    摘要:

    在干旱區(qū)大田條件下,,以制種玉米“金西北22號”為供試材料,,采用交替灌水、固定灌水,、均勻灌水和交替施氮、固定施氮、均勻施氮二因素三水平的完全組合方案,,在拔節(jié)期、大喇叭口期,、抽雄期,、灌漿期和成熟期對0~100cm土層分層監(jiān)測植株正下方、植株正南側(cè)和植株正北側(cè)的土壤NO3--N含量,。結(jié)果表明:監(jiān)測時(shí)期內(nèi),,植株南、北兩側(cè)較植株下和0~40cm土層較40~100cm土層的土壤NO3--N含量時(shí)空分布受灌水施氮方式影響更大,。固定灌水固定施氮下,,水氮同區(qū)時(shí)土壤NO3--N施氮側(cè)下移,而水氮異區(qū)時(shí)土壤NO3--N在施氮側(cè)累積,。灌漿期,,40~80cm土層的植株下,與均勻灌水相比,,交替灌水下不同施氮方式的土壤NO3--N含量減少9.9%~14.4%,。交替灌水均勻施氮或交替灌水交替施氮使得土壤NO3--N在較長時(shí)間內(nèi)維持在0~40cm土層周圍,成熟期二者0~100cm土層的土壤NO3--N殘留量相近,,但較其他處理減少11.7%~27.3%,。綜上,交替灌水均勻施氮或交替灌水交替施氮使玉米生育期土壤NO3--N含量時(shí)空分布比較合理,,成熟期土壤NO3--N殘留量較低,。

    Abstract:

    A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of varying supply methods of nitrogen and irrigation on dynamics and distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen during maize (Zay mays L., cv. Gold northwestern 22) growth in Northwest China. Irrigation methods included alternate furrow irrigation (AI), fixed furrow irrigation (FI) and conventional furrow irrigation (CI). Nitrogen supply methods included alternate nitrogen supply (AN), fixed nitrogen supply (FN) and conventional nitrogen supply (CN), which were applied at each irrigation. Maize rows were established in west-east direction. Soil nitrate nitrogen content in south and north of the plant was measured in 0~100cm soil depth (20cm as an interval) before planting and at 6 collars, 12 collars, tasseling, filling and maturity stages. The results showed that spatial-temporal distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen in south and north of the plant was influenced more by varying methods of nitrogen supply and irrigation compared with that under the plant, so did that in 0~40cm soil depth compared with that in 40~100cm. At filling stage, soil nitrate nitrogen of irrigated side was moved down to 60~100cm soil depth for FI coupled with FN when nitrogen and water were applied within the same furrow, and that of nonwater supply side was gathered in 0~40cm soil depth for FI coupled with FN when nitrogen and water were applied to different furrows. Compared with CI, AI reduced soil nitrate nitrogen under the plant in 40~80cm soil depth by 9.9%~14.4% for different nitrogen supply methods. Compared with the other treatments, AI coupled with CN or AN maintained soil nitrate nitrogen in 0~40cm soil depth for a longer time during maize growth. Soil residual nitrate nitrogen in 0~100cm soil depth at harvest was comparable between AI coupled with CN and AI coupled with AN, and the residual of them was reduced by 11.7%~27.3% compared with those of the other treatments. Therefore, alternate furrow irrigation coupled with conventional or alternate nitrogen supply brought a relatively reasonable spatial-temporal distribution of soil nitrate nitrogen during maize growth, and lowered soil residual nitrate nitrogen at harvest.

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漆棟良,胡田田.灌水施氮方式對玉米生育期土壤NO3--N時(shí)空分布的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(2):279-287. QI Dongliang,HU Tiantian. Effects of Different Nitrogen Supply and Irrigation Methods on Spatial-temporal Distribution of Soil Nitrate Nitrogen during Maize Growth[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(2):279-287.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-06-25
  • 最后修改日期:2017-02-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-02-10
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