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基于SWAT模型的氣候變化對涇河徑流量的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51409219,、51409222)、水利部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(201301016),、西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費項目(2014YB051)和博士科研啟動經(jīng)費項目(2013BSJJ099)


Impacts of Climate Change on Runoff of Jinghe River Based on SWAT Model
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    摘要:

    在收集,、處理大量空間及屬性數(shù)據(jù)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建涇河流域SWAT模型,,運用流域出口站張家山水文站點11年的月實測徑流量數(shù)據(jù)對模型進行率定和驗證,,并以Nash-Sutcliffe系數(shù)(Ns)和決定系數(shù)(R2)2個指標(biāo)綜合評價模擬效果,,率定期及驗證期的2個指標(biāo)值均大于0.7,,表明模型對涇河徑流量的模擬具有較好的適用性,。通過歷史降水量數(shù)據(jù)頻率分析計算,選取3個典型水文年作為基準(zhǔn)年,,并根據(jù)前人對HadCM3模式在A2,、B2情景下的輸出數(shù)據(jù)作統(tǒng)計降尺度處理得到流域未來3個時段(2020s、2050s和2080s)降水量,、氣溫的變化結(jié)果,,設(shè)定2種未來氣候變化情景,并分別輸入已驗證的SWAT模型,,預(yù)測未來典型水文年月徑流量的變化趨勢,。結(jié)果表明:相比基準(zhǔn)年,2種情景下未來3個時段典型水文年年徑流量均減小,,豐水年在2種情景下的減幅分別為26%~42%和25%~35%,,平水年的減幅為23%~37%和21%~25%,枯水年的減幅為23%~38%和20%~31%,;2種情景下未來3個時段典型水文年內(nèi)的月徑流量分配趨勢與基準(zhǔn)年大致相同,,且月徑流量的變化特征與降水量的變化基本一致,,徑流量在月峰值處的變化幅度較大,,在其他月份變幅較小,;A2情景下,,3個時段的豐水年月徑流量在8月份減幅分別為41%,、43%和61%,平水年月徑流量在7月份減幅依次為15%,、23%和38%,,枯水年的月徑流量在6月份減幅依次為20%、36%和46%,;B2情景下,,3個時段的豐水年月徑流量在8月份減幅分別為34%、37%和56%,,平水年月徑流量在7月份減幅依次為15%,、23%和38%,而在2月份的徑流量分別從17.71m3/s增加到24.93,、38.79,、63.63m3/s,枯水年的月徑流量在6月份減幅依次為24%,、31%和28%,;2種情景下,豐水年的徑流量年內(nèi)分配不均勻系數(shù)從1.06分別減小到0.71和0.74,,年內(nèi)分配不均勻程度降低,,而平水年及枯水年的徑流量年內(nèi)分配不均勻系數(shù)變化較小,;對比2種情景,,無論是典型年的年徑流量還是各月徑流量,其在各時段的變化趨勢基本一致,,且變幅相差不大,。

    Abstract:

    When trying to analyze water resources supply and demand balance under climate change for river basin and irrigation district, the annual runoff of river and its monthly distribution in representative hydrological years are necessary and basic data to evaluate the available surface water supply. In order to predict the impacts of future climate change on runoff of Jinghe River, a SWAT model was developed by collecting and processing large amounts of data such as the hydrological, geological and meteorological data. The model was calibrated and validated by using 11 years monthly runoff data from Zhangjiashan hydrological station and evaluated with two targets (the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (Ns) and determination coefficient (R2)). Values of Ns and R2 in calibration and validation stages were both greater than 0.7, which meant that the model was capable of simulating runoff responses to climate change. Three representative hydrological years were chosen after analyzing and calculating the precipitation frequency, which were the wet year (25%), normal year (50%) and dry year (75%). Two future climate change scenarios were developed based on previous study, in which precipitation and temperature trends of future three periods (2020s, 2050s and 2080s) in Jinghe River were predicted by statistically downscaling the output data of HadCM3 under A2 and B2 scenarios, and the river annual runoff and its monthly distribution for representative hydrological years in three future periods were forecasted. The results showed that the annual runoff of representative hydrological years in three future periods of both scenarios were decreased, comparing with base years. The changing rates were 26%~42% and 25%~35%, respectively in wet year, 23%~37% and 21%~25% in normal year, 23%~38% and 20%~31% in the dry year. Under both scenarios, the distributions of monthly runoff of representative hydrological years in three future periods had the same trends as base years. And the changing trends of monthly runoff were basically conformed to the tendencies of monthly precipitation in corresponding scenarios and times. The major amplitudes of monthly runoff were appeared in the peak. In scenarios A2 and B2, the changing rates of peak value in three future periods respectively were 41%, 43%, 61% and 34%, 37%, 56% in August of the wet year, 15%, 23%, 38% and 21%, 18%, 31% in July of the normal year, 20%, 36%, 46% and 24%, 31%, 28% in June of the dry year. But the monthly runoff of February in three future periods under scenario B2 was increased from 17.71m3/s to 24.93m3/s, 38.79m3/s and 63.63m3/s, respectively. By calculating the nonuniform coefficient of the runoff annual distribution (Cvy), it was showed that the value of Cvy in wet year was decreased from 1.06 to 0.71 (scenario A2) and 0.74 (scenario B2).

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降亞楠,王蕾,魏曉妹,丁星臣.基于SWAT模型的氣候變化對涇河徑流量的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2017,48(2):262-270. JIANG Ya’nan, WANG Lei, WEI Xiaomei,DING Xingchen. Impacts of Climate Change on Runoff of Jinghe River Based on SWAT Model[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(2):262-270.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-10-19
  • 最后修改日期:2017-02-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-02-10
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