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干化土壤中節(jié)水型修剪棗樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)與水分利用效率研究
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“十二五”國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2015BAC01B03)和陜西統(tǒng)籌項(xiàng)目(2014KTCG01-03)


Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Watersaving Type Pruning Jujube Tree in Dry Soil
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    在野外山地設(shè)置4種不同土壤含水率水平的定位試驗(yàn)小區(qū),,試驗(yàn)棗樹(shù)采用相同的節(jié)水型修剪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使其保持一致的規(guī)格,,在自然降水情況下連續(xù)2年觀測(cè)土壤含水率,、棗樹(shù)生長(zhǎng),、產(chǎn)量等,。不同初始含水率的土壤在自然降水條件下,土壤含水率趨向某一個(gè)值,,該值受年降水量的影響而異,,2014平水年該值為(13.83±0.22)%,2015偏旱年為(9.46±0.32)%,。初始土壤干化程度不同會(huì)顯著抑制棗樹(shù)棗吊生長(zhǎng)和果實(shí)個(gè)數(shù),,在相同干化土壤中棗樹(shù)的生長(zhǎng)取決于當(dāng)年的降水量,但節(jié)水型修剪下的產(chǎn)量比常規(guī)矮化修剪提高36%~41%,,產(chǎn)量水分利用效率提高3.6倍以上,。節(jié)水型修剪技術(shù)有利于提高棗樹(shù)的產(chǎn)量水分利用效率。

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    For a long time, the soil of artificial forest land in the loess hilly-gully region was continued to be dry, which had serious impact on the subsequent vegetation. Studying on jujube growth in the dry soil had important significance to realize forestry sustainable development in this region. Four different initial soil volumetric water content levels were set for the experiment in the open air, and the same water-saving type pruning was used to keep consistent specifications. Soil moisture, jujube growth and yield for two consecutive years were tested under a completely natural rainfall condition. Results showed that the soil moisture was tended to be a fixed value for different initial soil moisture contents under natural rainfall. And this value was depended on rainfall. Normal precipitation year soil moisture was steady at (13.83±0.22)% in 2014, partial drought year soil moisture was steady at (9.46±0.32)% in 2015. Different initial soil drying degrees would significantly inhibit the growth of branches and jujube fruit number. Jujube growth under the same dry soil was depended on rainfall. The yield under water-saving type pruning technology was 36%~41% higher than that of conventional dwarf pruning, water use efficiency was increased by more than 3.6 times. Water-saving pruning techniques would improve jujube water use efficiency. This research can solve dry jujube soil water shortage in the loess hilly-gully region and provide new basis for achieving sustainable development. This research had the important theoretical significance and value in practice.

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汪有科,惠倩,汪星,馬建鵬,張文飛.干化土壤中節(jié)水型修剪棗樹(shù)生長(zhǎng)與水分利用效率研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2017,48(2):247-254. WANG Youke, HUI Qian, WANG Xing, MA Jianpeng, ZHANG Wenfei. Growth and Water Use Efficiency of Watersaving Type Pruning Jujube Tree in Dry Soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(2):247-254.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-07-02
  • 最后修改日期:2017-02-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2017-02-10
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