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不同覆蓋方式對土壤水熱與夏玉米生長的影響
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國家高技術(shù)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(863計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(2013AA102904)和高等學(xué)校學(xué)科創(chuàng)新引智計(jì)劃(111計(jì)劃)項(xiàng)目(B12007)


Effects of Different Mulching Patterns on Soil Moisture,Soil Temperature and Summer Maize Growth
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    為探求西北半濕潤地區(qū)不同覆蓋方式對農(nóng)田土壤水熱和作物生長的定量影響,試驗(yàn)對比研究了平作不覆蓋(CK)、秸稈覆蓋平作種植(SM)、地膜覆蓋平作種植(PM)和壟覆地膜溝覆秸稈(SPM)4種覆蓋方式對夏玉米土壤水分,、溫度、作物生長、產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響,。結(jié)果表明:覆蓋處理在各生育期內(nèi)0~260cm土壤貯水量都顯著高于對照(P<0.05),夏玉米生育期0~30cm土層內(nèi)平均溫度表現(xiàn)為:PM>SPM>CK>SM(其中15cm時(shí)土壤溫度CK>SPM),,壟覆地膜溝覆秸稈能夠有效地聚集降雨,。夏玉米地上部生物量隨生育進(jìn)程的動態(tài)變化符合Logistic生長模型,SPM處理地上部生物量理論值最大,,快速累積期提前,,最快累積速率較大,持續(xù)時(shí)間較長,。SM,、PM和SPM處理2年夏玉米產(chǎn)量平均值分別較CK處理提高15.4%,、23.3%和28.4%(P<0.05)。水分利用效率分別較CK處理提高10.2%,、31.2%和28.0%(P<0.05),,各覆蓋處理間差異不顯著。綜合分析,,壟覆地膜溝覆秸稈可明顯改善農(nóng)田土壤水熱狀況,,增加干物質(zhì)積累量,提高夏玉米產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率,,是該研究中最適合本地的覆蓋栽培方式,。

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    The influence of different field mulching treatments on soil water content, soil temperature, crop growth, final yield and water use efficiency was studied during the summer maize growing season in the semi-humid region of Northwest China. The mulching treatments included the flat plot with straw mulching (SM), flat plot with plastic film mulching (PM), ridge-furrow planting with film mulching over ridge and wheat straw mulching over furrow (SPM), and flat plot without mulching (control treatment, CK). The results showed that water content of mulching treatments in soil layer of 0~260cm depth was significantly larger than that of CK during maize growing period (P<0.05). The average soil temperature in the soil layer of 0~30cm depth showed a decreasing trend of PM, SPM, CK and SM, and the average soil temperature of CK was larger than that of SPM when the soil layer was 0~15cm depth. The development of maize aboveground biomass can match well with the logistic curve. Moreover, the average yields of SM, PM and SPM in the two-year experiment were increased by 15.4%, 23.3% and 28.4% compared with that of CK, respectively (P<0.05). The water use efficiencies of SM, PM and SPM were increased by 10.2%, 31.2% and 28.0% compared with that of CK, respectively (P<0.05). By comparison, the SPM can collect rainwater more effectively than other treatments and had the largest aboveground biomass in theory. In the treatment of SPM, the rapid dry matter accumulation period was earlier, and the cumulative rate was the fastest with a longer accumulation period, which meant that the SPM can significantly improve the soil water-heat conditions, increase the accumulation amount of crop dry matter, promote crop growth and improve water use efficiency. Therefore, the SPM was the better choice for local farmers in the semi-humid region of Northwest China.

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馮浩,劉匣,余坤,丁奠元,張浩杰,褚曉升.不同覆蓋方式對土壤水熱與夏玉米生長的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(12):192-202. Feng Hao, Liu Xia, Yu Kun, Ding Dianyuan, Zhang Haojie, Chu Xiaosheng. Effects of Different Mulching Patterns on Soil Moisture,Soil Temperature and Summer Maize Growth[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(12):192-202.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-05-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-12-10
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