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秸稈生物炭對玉米農(nóng)田溫室氣體排放的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41161038)和內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)科技廳應(yīng)用項目(201501061)


Impacts of Straw Biochar on Emission of Greenhouse Gas in Maize Field
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    通過大田試驗,,采用靜態(tài)暗箱—氣象色譜法研究玉米農(nóng)田不施生物炭(C0),施生物炭分別為15t/hm2(C15),、30t/hm2(C30)和45t/hm2(C45)后溫室氣體(CO2,、CH4和N2O)的排放特征,,并估算CH4和N2O的綜合增溫潛勢(GWP)及排放強(qiáng)度(GHGI),。結(jié)果表明:添加生物炭顯著降低CO2和N2O的季節(jié)累積排放總量,,與C0處理相比,,CO2最大降幅為24.6%(C15),N2O最大降幅為110.35%(C45),,且其隨著生物炭施用量的增加而降低,;CH4的季節(jié)累積排放總量由小到大依次為:C15、C30,、C0,、C45,其中,,C15處理較C0處理降低幅度最大為259.62%,,添加生物炭同時也降低CH4和N2O的綜合增溫潛勢(GWP)及排放強(qiáng)度(GHGI),處理C15,、C30和C45 的GWP值較對照C0分別降低88.2%,、123.2%和109.9%,GHGI分別降低88.86%,、121.60%和100.03%,。施用適量的生物炭可以有效增加玉米產(chǎn)量,處理C15,、C30和C45的增幅分別為6.28%,、7.27%和1.69%。處理C30顯著降低CH4和N2O的綜合增溫潛勢及其排放強(qiáng)度,,并且產(chǎn)量的增幅最大。因此,,在當(dāng)前玉米農(nóng)田管理措施下,,生物炭施用量為30t/hm2時可實現(xiàn)玉米增產(chǎn)和固碳減排的目標(biāo)。

    Abstract:

    A field experiment was conducted by using the static chamber-gas chromatography method to analyze the emission behavior of greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4 and N2O), and estimate the global warming potentials (GWP) of CH4 and N2O and the greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) through different straw biochar application treatments in a maize field, including none biochar application (C0), biochar application rate of 15t/hm2 (C15), 30t/hm2 (C30) and 45t/hm2 (C45). Results showed that biochar application can significantly decrease the seasonal emissions of CO2 and N2O. The emissions of CO2 and N2O were decreased with the increase of biochar application rate, and the maximum decreases of CO2 and N2O emission were 24.6% (C15) and 110.35% (C45), respectively, compared with those of C0. The seasonal CH4 emission followed a decreasing order of C15, C30, C0 and C45, in which the maximum decrease of CH4 emission for C15 was 259.62% compared with that of C0. Biochar application can also decrease the comprehensive temperature increasing potentials (GWP) and the emission intensity (GHGI) of CH4 and N2O. The GWP of C15, C30 and C45 were reduced by 88.2%, 123.2% and 109.9%, respectively, and the GHGI were reduced by 88.86%, 121.60% and 100.03%, respectively, compared with those of C0. In addition, biochar application was able to increase maize yield. Compared with that of C0, the maize yield increases were 6.28%, 7.27% and 1.69% for C15, C30 and C45, respectively. The experiment demonstrated that C30 reached the most decrease of GWP and GHGI and increase of maize yield. Therefore, biochar application with a rate of 30t/hm2 can achieve the purposes of yield increase, carbon fixation and emission reduction under the current maize filed management measures.

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屈忠義,高利華,李昌見,張娜.秸稈生物炭對玉米農(nóng)田溫室氣體排放的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2016,47(12):111-118. Qu Zhongyi, Gao Lihua, Li Changjian, Zhang Na. Impacts of Straw Biochar on Emission of Greenhouse Gas in Maize Field[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(12):111-118.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-04-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-12-10
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