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基于電容法的非接觸式土壤水分傳感器設(shè)計(jì)與性能分析
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31371537)、北京市科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(Z116100000916012)和北京市共建項(xiàng)目專項(xiàng)


Design and Performance Analysis of Soil Moisture Sensor Based on Capacitance Technology
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)接觸式土壤水分傳感器存在對(duì)土體破壞大及使用安裝、更換困難等問(wèn)題,設(shè)計(jì)了一種基于電容法的非接觸式土壤水分傳感器。借助網(wǎng)絡(luò)矢量分析儀對(duì)傳感器環(huán)形探頭在不同介電常數(shù)的有機(jī)溶液中進(jìn)行測(cè)量,確定了傳感器環(huán)形探頭電容變化范圍為7.08~22.75pF。選取11種不同電容值高頻瓷片分別與102nH的繞線電感進(jìn)行并聯(lián)諧振試驗(yàn),得到的測(cè)試結(jié)果與仿真結(jié)果的決定系數(shù)達(dá)到了0.98,檢測(cè)電路的測(cè)量精度能夠滿足傳感器的設(shè)計(jì)要求。以北京地區(qū)粘壤土作為測(cè)試樣本,對(duì)傳感器輸出與對(duì)應(yīng)的測(cè)量值進(jìn)行了多項(xiàng)式擬合,決定系數(shù)達(dá)到了0.9959,系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)態(tài)與動(dòng)態(tài)性能均能滿足土壤水分的檢測(cè)要求。通過(guò)試驗(yàn)分析了溫度對(duì)傳感器輸出的影響,將傳感器輸出結(jié)果與溫度進(jìn)行線性擬合,決定系數(shù)達(dá)到了0.9879。進(jìn)一步提出了能量指數(shù)Ka,通過(guò)試驗(yàn)的方式確定了傳感器的縱向影響范圍為10cm,橫向影響范圍為5cm。最后對(duì)比試驗(yàn)表明,所設(shè)計(jì)的土壤非接觸式水分傳感器與國(guó)外同類產(chǎn)品性能相當(dāng),能夠滿足土壤非接觸式測(cè)量的要求,但具有更高的性價(jià)比,為同類產(chǎn)品的國(guó)產(chǎn)化奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

    Abstract:

    A kind of noncontact sensor based on capacitance method was designed. With the aid of the network vector analyzer, the probe of the sensor was measured in the organic solution with different dielectric constants, and the capacitance variation range of the ring probe of the sensor was determined as 7.08~22.75pF. This paper formed 11 highfrequency ceramic capacitors with different capacitances respectively connected with 102nH winding inductor in parallel into resonance circuit. Using the circuit to carry out experiment, the decision coefficient of test results and simulation results all reached 0.98. The measurement accuracy of the detection circuit met the sensor design requirements. Clay loam in Beijing area was chosen as experimental sample. The output of sensor detection unit and the corresponding measured values were carried out the polynomial fitting and linear fitting with a coefficient of determination of 0.9959. The static and dynamic performance of the system can meet the soil moisture detection requirements. The effect of temperature on the output of the sensor was analyzed. The output of the sensor was fit with the temperature, and the coefficient was 0.9879. The energy index Ka was further proposed. By the experiment, the influence ranges of longitudinal and transverse were identified as 10cm and 5cm. Finally, the comparison experiments showed that the proposed noncontact type moisture sensor was similar to that of the foreign products. It met the requirements of noncontact measurement of soil, at the same time, it had high costperformance and laid the localization foundation for the similar products.

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高志濤,劉衛(wèi)平,趙燕東.基于電容法的非接觸式土壤水分傳感器設(shè)計(jì)與性能分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(11):185-191. Gao Zhitao, Liu Weiping, Zhao Yandong. Design and Performance Analysis of Soil Moisture Sensor Based on Capacitance Technology[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(11):185-191.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-04-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-11-10
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