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黃土坡面細溝侵蝕及水動力學(xué)參數(shù)的時空變化特征
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41271299)


Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Rill Erosion and Hydrodynamic Parameters on Loessial Hillslope
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    摘要:

    坡面細溝侵蝕速率和水動力學(xué)參數(shù)在坡面細溝發(fā)育過程中存在明顯的時空變化,?;陂g歇性人工模擬降雨和三維激光掃描技術(shù)提取的高精度DEM,,分析了黃土坡面細溝發(fā)育不同主導(dǎo)過程中細溝侵蝕和水動力學(xué)參數(shù)的時空分布規(guī)律,。結(jié)果表明,,細溝侵蝕速率和總侵蝕速率的最大值出現(xiàn)在以細溝溝底下切侵蝕為主的細溝發(fā)育活躍期,,最小值出現(xiàn)在以溝頭溯源侵蝕為主的細溝發(fā)育初期,。細溝侵蝕速率與總侵蝕速率隨降雨歷時的變化皆呈先上升后趨于穩(wěn)定,,并在一定范圍內(nèi)波動的變化趨勢,且總侵蝕速率早于細溝侵蝕速率達到穩(wěn)定,。細溝侵蝕量隨單位斜坡長呈先上升后下降的拋物線形式分布,,細溝侵蝕速率的最大值出現(xiàn)在坡面中下部。90mm/h降雨強度下徑流剪切力,、徑流功率和單位徑流功率分別是60mm/h降雨強度下的1.3,、1.1、1.4倍,。細溝間水流和細溝流的水動力學(xué)參數(shù)隨降雨歷時的增加呈不同的變化趨勢,。兩種降雨強度下,徑流剪切力,、徑流功率和單位徑流功率隨單位坡長的分布均呈波動上升趨勢,。單寬細溝侵蝕量與水動力學(xué)參數(shù)之間呈線性正相關(guān)關(guān)系,細溝發(fā)育初期坡面侵蝕發(fā)生的臨界徑流剪切力,、臨界徑流功率和臨界單位徑流功率最大,。

    Abstract:

    Rill erosion rate and hydrodynamic parameters present evident spatial and temporal variation characteristics during rill development process on hillslopes. Based on 3D laser scanning technique (LiDAR) and intermittent simulated rainfall experiments, high-precision DEMs were extracted. Temporal and spatial variations of rill erosion and hydrodynamic parameters at different rill development stages on loessial hillslope were analyzed. Results showed that the maximum values of rill erosion rate and hillslope erosion rate occurred at the rill deep cutting dominated stage, while the minimum values of them occurred at the rill headcut dominated stage. Rill erosion rates and hillslope erosion rates were increased at first and then tended to be steady and fluctuated in a certain range with rainfall duration. Hillslope erosion rates reached steady state earlier than rill erosion rates. Rill erosion rates and hillslope erosion rates under 90mm/h rainfall intensity reached steady states earlier than those under 60mm/h rainfall intensity. Rill erosion rates were first increased and then decreased along hillslope and showed parabola trend. The maximum values of rill erosion rate occurred at the hillslope lengths of 6m and 7m. Shear stress, stream power and unit stream power under 90mm/h rainfall intensity were 1.3, 1.1 and 1.4 times as those under 60mm/h rainfall intensity. Hydrodynamic parameters of overland flow and rill flow showed different variation trends with the increase of rainfall duration. Shear stress, stream power and unit stream power were increased with fluctuations of unit slope length under two rainfall intensities. It showed strong positive linear correlation between rill erosion per unit width and three hydrodynamic parameters. The critical values of shear stress, stream power and unit stream power reached the maximum values at initial phase of rill development.

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覃超,吳紅艷,鄭粉莉,徐錫蒙,邊鋒.黃土坡面細溝侵蝕及水動力學(xué)參數(shù)的時空變化特征[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2016,47(8):146-154,207. Qin Chao, Wu Hongyan, Zheng Fenli, Xu Ximeng, Bian Feng. Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Rill Erosion and Hydrodynamic Parameters on Loessial Hillslope[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(8):146-154,207.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-12-27
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-08-10
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