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填閑玉米對京郊設(shè)施菜地土壤氮素淋洗影響的模擬分析
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公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(xiàng)(201000314)和農(nóng)業(yè)部植物營養(yǎng)與肥料重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金項(xiàng)目(IARRP-2014-36)


Simulation Analysis of Effect of Planting Summer Catch Crop Sweet Corn on Nitrate Leaching for Greenhouse Vegetable Field in Suburbs of Beijing
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    摘要:

    在北京郊區(qū)開展了3a(2008—2010年)的田間試驗(yàn),,在前茬蔬菜3種施肥處理(CK,不施肥,;N1,,施N 380kg/hm;N2,,施N 260kg/hm)的基礎(chǔ)上,,在夏季休閑期分別在N1和N2處理上增設(shè)了甜玉米種植處理,即N1C和N2C,,以探討填閑作物種植對京郊設(shè)施菜地夏季敞棚期氮素淋失的阻控作用,。利用田間系統(tǒng)觀測數(shù)據(jù)對土壤-作物系統(tǒng)水氮管理模型WHCNS進(jìn)行了校驗(yàn),并對設(shè)施菜地夏季休閑期土壤水氮平衡及氮素淋洗進(jìn)行了模擬分析,。結(jié)果表明,,休閑處理的水分消耗項(xiàng)主要是蒸發(fā)和滲漏,而填閑處理的水分消耗項(xiàng)主要是蒸騰和滲漏,,各處理水分滲漏量由大到小依次為:CK,、N1、N2,、N1C,、N2C,甜玉米的種植提高了土壤水分的上行通量,,減少了近42%的水分滲漏量,。休閑處理的水分平衡均值為正,而填閑處理的水分平衡為負(fù),,說明甜玉米的種植消耗了土體儲(chǔ)存的水分,。硝態(tài)氮淋洗量由大到小依次為:N1、N2,、CK,、N1C、N2C,,填閑處理的氮素淋洗量范圍為1.3~50.9kg/hm,,遠(yuǎn)低于施肥處理的59.2~273.6kg/hm,,甚至低于不施肥處理的38.6~151.6kg/hm,N1C和N2C處理的氮素淋洗量分別比N1和N2處理降低80%和85%,。因此,,在夏季選擇深根系的甜玉米作為填閑作物,對硝態(tài)氮的淋洗有明顯的阻控作用,,是降低土壤硝態(tài)氮淋失風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最直接有效的措施之一,。

    Abstract:

    In order to reduce the effect of intensive rainfall on nitrate leaching in summer for greenhouse vegetable field in North Plain China, a three-year (2008—2010) field experiment was conducted in the suburbs of Beijing during the period of intensive rainfall season from July to September. Five different treatments were designed, including three nitrogen fertilizer levels (CK, no nitrogen fertilizer;N1, 380kg/hm and N2, 260kg/hm of nitrogen) in previously grown crop, and two other treatments with and without sweet corn as a catch crop based on the treatments of N1 and N2, denoted by N1C and N2C, respectively. The three-year field observed data was used to calibrate and validate the WHCNS (soil water heat carbon nitrogen simulator) model, and subsequently nitrate leaching, and water and nitrogen balance of different treatments were simulated. The results showed that evaporation and drainage were two main pathways of water consumption for the fallow treatments, while the main pathway of catch crop treatments was evapotranspiration and drainage. The amount of water drainage was in the order of CK>N1≈N2>N1C>N2C. Planting sweet corn can reduce nearly 42% of water drainage compared with without catch crop treatments. The water balance for fallow treatments was positive, and it was negative for the catch crop treatments, which indicated that the sweet corn consumed soil water stored in soil profile. The order of nitrate leaching rate of different treatments was N1>N2>CK>N1C>N2C, and the mass of nitrate leaching for catch crop treatments ranged from 1.3kg/hm to 50.9kg/hm, which was much lower compared with those of N1 and N2 treatments (59.2~273.6kg/hm), and even lower than that of the CK treatment (38.6~151.6kg/hm). The catch crop reduced 80% and 85% of nitrate leaching compared with treatments of N1 and N2, respectively. It can be concluded that using the deep-rooted sweet corn as a catch crop in summer can delay and control the nitrate leaching. Therefore, it can be used as an efficient method to reduce the risk of nitrate leaching for greenhouse vegetable field in the North China Plain.

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梁浩,胡克林,侯森,鄒國元,王磊.填閑玉米對京郊設(shè)施菜地土壤氮素淋洗影響的模擬分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(8):125-136. Liang Hao, Hu Kelin, Hou Sen, Zou Guoyuan, Wang Lei. Simulation Analysis of Effect of Planting Summer Catch Crop Sweet Corn on Nitrate Leaching for Greenhouse Vegetable Field in Suburbs of Beijing[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(8):125-136.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-12-14
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-08-10
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