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間接地下滴灌灌溉深度對棗樹根系和水分的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(51069013、51369028)和國家級大學(xué)生創(chuàng)新創(chuàng)業(yè)訓(xùn)練計劃項目(201410757004)


Effect of Irrigation Depth on Root Distribution and Water Use Efficiency of Jujube under Indirect Subsurface Drip Irrigation
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    摘要:

    為探討間接地下滴灌及導(dǎo)水裝置埋深(灌溉深度)對南疆極端干旱區(qū)矮化密植紅棗根系生長分布特征及產(chǎn)量,、水分利用率的影響,,試驗設(shè)間接地下滴灌(ISDI)3個導(dǎo)水裝置埋深水平,分別為20,、27,、35cm,以地表滴灌(DI)為對照,,共4個處理,,經(jīng)過2~4a的田間試驗后,采用環(huán)狀壕溝分層挖掘法對以棗樹樹干為中心,,半徑為1m的90°扇形區(qū)域內(nèi)0~100cm土層進行根系取樣,。結(jié)果表明,相對于DI,,ISDI下各根系分布較均勻,,生長方向基本向下延伸,;ISDI顯著增加了根徑小于5mm根系根長密度,細根(根徑小于2mm)是DI的3倍,,但減少了根徑大于5mm根系根長密度,,相對增加了20~40cm土層根系根長占總根長的比率;垂直方向上隨著灌溉深度的增加表層根系根長密度相對減少,,深層相對增加,;水平方向上各處理根系根長密度基本呈現(xiàn)隨著與樹干水平距離的增加而減小的趨勢,但在0~20cm土層減小的幅度較大,,在20~40cm土層其減小的幅度較?。浑S著灌溉技術(shù)由DI到ISDI及灌溉深度的增加,,細根分布基本呈現(xiàn)出由“寬淺型”向“深根型”發(fā)展的趨勢,。相對DI,ISDI具有較好的節(jié)水增產(chǎn)效果,,提高產(chǎn)量及灌溉水生產(chǎn)率最大達20%,。建議幼齡期南疆密植棗樹的導(dǎo)水裝置埋深為27~35cm。研究為極端干旱區(qū)棗樹適宜灌溉技術(shù)的選擇及其技術(shù)要素的制定提供依據(jù),。

    Abstract:

    To investigate the effects of installation depths of water-conduct device on root distribution and root growth in dwarf close planting jujube under indirect subsurface drip irrigation (ISDI), three installation depths of water-conduct device were considered in the experiment. The installation depths of water-conduct device were 20cm (T1), 27cm (T2) and 35cm (T3), respectively, with surface drip irrigation (DI) as comparison. Different depths, horizontal distances of jujube roots system distribution were obtained by annular ditch layered methods, the results showed that there were significant differences in jujube roots system distribution under DI and ISDI. On root morphology, root distributions were shallow and horizontal extension under DI. The distribution of root in different soil layers was uniform, and growth direction of root was basically downward under ISDI. ISDI significantly increased the root length density of fine roots (d<5mm), which increased by 1~2 times than that of DI. Root length density of d>5mm and root system distribution distance in horizontal direction were reduced, and the proportion of fine root length in 20~40cm soil layer was increased. With the increase of depth of water-conduct device, the root length density of fine roots (d<2mm) was decreased in 0~20cm soil layer and increased gradually in 20~60cm in vertical direction under ISDI. In horizontal direction, the fine root length density of each treatment was comparatively concentrated distribution in 0~20cm soil layer,,70% of root was distributed in horizontal range of 0 ~ 20cm, the fine root distribution distance of each treatment was increased. With the increase of depth of water-conduct device, the horizontal distribution distances of roots of different diameter in 0~20cm soil layer tended to be reduced, but that in 20~40cm soil layer tended to be increased. Generally, with the increase of depth of water-conduct device, fine root distribution showed developing trend from shallow and wide to narrow and deep.

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孫三民,安巧霞,楊培嶺,陸小波,顧凱凱.間接地下滴灌灌溉深度對棗樹根系和水分的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2016,47(8):81-90. Sun Sanmin, An Qiaoxia, Yang Peiling, Lu Xiaobo, Gu Kaikai. Effect of Irrigation Depth on Root Distribution and Water Use Efficiency of Jujube under Indirect Subsurface Drip Irrigation[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(8):81-90.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-03-22
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-08-10
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