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便攜式蔬菜穴盤(pán)自動(dòng)播種機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)
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浙江省科技廳公益基金項(xiàng)目(2014C32023,、2014C32105)


Design and Test of Portable Automatic Vegetable Seeding Machine
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)現(xiàn)有中小農(nóng)戶大棚蔬菜穴盤(pán)栽培手工播種生產(chǎn)率低、勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大等問(wèn)題,,以及國(guó)外大型播種機(jī)不適合我國(guó)中小規(guī)模種植經(jīng)營(yíng)戶需求的現(xiàn)狀,,設(shè)計(jì)了一種應(yīng)用于大棚栽培的穴盤(pán)自動(dòng)化便攜式播種機(jī),。該播種機(jī)一端可折疊,,折疊后尺寸為500mm×500mm×750mm,,攜帶方便,;播種機(jī)采用多功能集成化設(shè)計(jì),,將傳統(tǒng)的穴盤(pán)打孔,、播種集成于一體,通過(guò)激光傳感器檢測(cè)穴盤(pán)凹口位置,,準(zhǔn)確地實(shí)現(xiàn)了穴盤(pán)基質(zhì)的自動(dòng)打孔和播種,。經(jīng)油菜種子和黃瓜種子試驗(yàn)表明,當(dāng)孔徑處于0.6~1.2mm時(shí),,選擇真空度為8kPa,,吸附效果較好;若選用0.6mm孔徑氣吸吸頭,,當(dāng)油菜種子氣吸真空度超過(guò)6.2kPa,,以及黃瓜種子真空度超過(guò)8.3kPa時(shí),吸附成功率達(dá)到90%以上,。經(jīng)正交試驗(yàn),,發(fā)現(xiàn)油菜種子和黃瓜種子在孔徑為0.6mm,,真空度為10kPa時(shí)吸附效果最好。與手工播種相比,,播種機(jī)播種效率是手工播種效率12.9倍,,較好地實(shí)現(xiàn)了蔬菜種子的穴盤(pán)播種。

    Abstract:

    With the development of specialization and large-scale vegetable planting in China, factory seeding was widely used, and there was high requirement for sowing. Vegetable tray seeding machinery is one of the core equipment of vegetable seedling. In order to solve the problems of low productivity, high labor intensity in manual seeding and the current planting machine being not suitable for the need of small and medium sized planting greenhouses in China, the automatic seeding device used in greenhouses was designed on the base of the analysis of characteristic parameters of rape and cucumber seeds. One side of the seeding device can be folded in order to carry it easily. The size of folded seeding machine was 500mm×500mm×750mm.The device was designed with a multifunctional integrated structure, including hole-punching and seeding, which simplified the working procedure. Both the hole-punching and seeding can be achieved accurately through detecting the position of the notch in the tray by laser sensor. The success rate of seed adsorption was an important factor of seeding machine. The success rate of adsorption would directly affect the success rate and production efficiency of seeding machine. Experimental results showed that the size of suction head had effect on suction success rate when pressure was decided. The suction success rate was high when the diameter of suction head was within 0.6~1.2mm and the vacuum degree was 8kPa. Selecting the diameter of 0.6mm,,the success rate reached over 90% when pressure was higher than 6.2kPa for rape seeds and 8.3kPa for cucumber seeds. By orthogonal experiment, it was found that the best adsorption effect was with vacuum degree of 10kPa and diameter of 0.6mm. Compared with manual seeding, the efficiency of seeding machine was improved by 12.9 times. The research provided a new structure and design idea to solve problem in seeding.

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朱盤(pán)安,李建平,樓建忠,韓志英.便攜式蔬菜穴盤(pán)自動(dòng)播種機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)與試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(8):7-13. Zhu Pan’an, Li Jianping, Lou Jianzhong, Han Zhiying. Design and Test of Portable Automatic Vegetable Seeding Machine[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(8):7-13.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-03-15
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-08-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-08-10
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