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土壤失水過程對土體收縮特性的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(51279167),、“十二五”國家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2012BAD08B01)和水利部公益性行業(yè)科研專項(xiàng)(201301016)


Effects of Soil Drying Process on Soil Shrinkage Characteristic
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    摘要:

    為探求不同質(zhì)地和容重土壤失水過程中的土體收縮特性,,選取山東壤土(SD)和陜西粉粘壤土(SX)作為供試土壤,,并分別設(shè)定初始容重為1.30,、1.40,、1.50g/cm3,,采用離心機(jī)法測定土壤水分特征曲線,,同時(shí)對土壤脫水過程中土體軸向和徑向收縮特征進(jìn)行研究,。結(jié)果表明,對于SD和SX土樣,,不同容重土壤含水率隨吸力增加呈現(xiàn)不同幅度的減小趨勢,,但其減小速率均表現(xiàn)出“慢—快—慢”的變化特點(diǎn);在土壤脫水過程中,,土體線縮率隨含水率減小而增大,,Logistic模型可以較好地?cái)M合線縮率與含水率之間的非線性關(guān)系(R2在0.96~0.99之間);土壤軸向(δs),、徑向(δr)和體積收縮應(yīng)變(δV)均隨容重增加而減小,,SD和SX土樣分別以水平收縮形變和垂直收縮形變?yōu)橹鳌O嚓P(guān)性分析表明,,δs,、δr和δV與砂粒含量呈負(fù)相關(guān)關(guān)系,與粉粒和粘粒含量呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系,,且3種收縮特征指標(biāo)與土壤顆粒含量之間的相關(guān)性受容重影響,;對于SD土樣,δs和δr與粘粒和粉粒含量顯著相關(guān),,δV與砂粒含量顯著相關(guān),;對于SX土樣,δs,、δr和δV與砂粒和粉粒含量顯著或極顯著相關(guān),,而與粘粒含量無顯著相關(guān)性。

    Abstract:

    To explore soil shrinkage characteristics during soil drying process, loam soil from Shandong Province (SD) and silty clay loam soil from Shaanxi Province (SX) were selected. The initial bulk density of the two different types of soil was set at 1.30, 1.40 and 1.50g/cm3. A centrifuge method was adopted for soil—water characteristic curve measurement, and the axial and radial shrinkages during drying process were measured and quantitatively analyzed. Results showed that firstly, as for SD and SX soils, soil moisture was decreased with the increase of suction, but the decreasing range was different due to different bulk densities. When suction was increased from 0 to 7000cm, soil moisture was decreased with different rates. Secondly, linear shrinkage ratio increased with decrease of soil moisture during drying process, and the nonlinear relationship between linear shrinkage ratio and soil moisture could be well fitted by the Logistic model, with high determination coefficients (R2) ranged from 0.96 to 0.99. Thirdly, axial shrinkage strain (δs), radial shrinkage strain (δr) and volume shrinkage strain (δV) all decreased with the increase of soil bulk density. And further analyses indicated that the mainly shrinkage characteristics for SD and SX soils were horizontal shrinkage and vertical shrinkage, respectively. Meanwhile, correlation analyses showed that δs, δr and δV were all negatively correlated with sand content and positively correlated with silt and clay contents. And the correlation between the three types of shrinkage strains (i.e., δs, δr and δV) and soil particle content was obviously influenced by bulk density. Detailedly, as for SD soil, δs and δr were significantly correlated with clay and silt contents, however, δV was significantly correlated with sand content; as for SX soil, δs, δr and δV were all significantly or highly significantly correlated with sand and silt contents, but there was no significant correlation with clay content.

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邢旭光,馬孝義.土壤失水過程對土體收縮特性的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(6):148-153. Xing Xuguang, Ma Xiaoyi. Effects of Soil Drying Process on Soil Shrinkage Characteristic[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(6):148-153.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-10-10
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-06-10
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