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咸水灌溉對棉花耗水特性和水分利用效率的影響
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國家自然科學基金項目(51179193)、現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)棉花產(chǎn)業(yè)技術體系建設專項(CARS—18—19),、公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項(201203077)和中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學院基本科研業(yè)務費增量項目(2015ZL002)


Effects of Saline Water Irrigation on Water Consumption Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Cotton
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    摘要:

    采用田間對比試驗,,連續(xù)3a研究了1,、3、5,、7g/L 4個礦化度咸水(記作S1,、S2、S3,、S4)灌溉對棉田土壤水鹽,、土壤蒸發(fā)、棉花階段耗水量,、籽棉產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率的影響,。結果表明,棉花生育期內(nèi)根系層土壤含水率和電導率有隨灌溉水礦化度的增加而增大的趨勢,,土壤電導率增加尤為明顯,;年際間,,各處理土壤含水率和電導率差異非常大,經(jīng)過連續(xù)3a灌溉,,根系層土壤電導率均未逐年增加,。S3和S4處理的平均土壤蒸發(fā)強度大于S1處理,S2與S1處理間的差異很??;7g/L以下咸水灌溉對棉花耗水過程產(chǎn)生了一定影響,但對總耗水量影響并不明顯,。3a的平均籽棉產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率由大到小順序均為:S2,、S1、S3,、S4,,S2比S1處理增產(chǎn)243%,水分利用效率增加1.15%,,S3和S4比S1處理減產(chǎn)1.67%和8.88%,,水分利用效率降低0.25%和7.31%,其中,,S2和S3與S1處理間差異不顯著,,S4處理產(chǎn)量和水分利用效率降低顯著。

    Abstract:

    To make effective use of shallow ground saline water resource for relieving the water crisis in Hebei Low Plain, a three-year field experiment was conducted to study the effects of irrigation with saline water of different salinities on soil water and salt contents, soil evaporation, stage water consumption of cotton, seed cotton yield and water use efficiency. The experiment included four treatments with different salinity levels of 1g/L, 3g/L, 5g/L and 7g/L of irrigation water, which were denoted as S1, S2, S3 and S4. Results showed that during cotton growing period, soil water and salt contents were increased with the increment of irrigation water salinity, especially for soil salt content. Significant differences of soil water and salt contents for each treatment were appeared during experimental years. In wet years, soil water content of root zone was high and a large proportion of salt was leached out; while in arid years, soil water content in root zone was low and salt was accumulated. After threeyear continuous irrigation with saline water, soil salt content in cotton root zone was not accumulated year by year. During the whole growth period, average soil evaporation intensity was higher in S3 and S4 treatments than that in S1 treatment, but there was little difference between S1 and S2 treatments. Irrigation with saline water of salinity lower than 7g/L had a certain influence on cotton water consumption process, but the differences in total water consumption were not significant. S2 treatment obtained the highest average seed cotton yield and water use efficiency, which was followed by S1, S3 and S4 treatments. Compared with S1 treatment, the average seed cotton yield and water use efficiency of S2 treatment were increased by 2.43% and 1.15%, and those for S3 and S4 treatments were decreased by 1.67% and 0.25%, 8.88% and 7.31%, respectively. There were no significant differences in seed cotton yield and water use efficiency among S1, S2 and S3 treatments, however, those for S4 treatment were significantly reduced. The study can provide important theoretical support for developing the use of shallow ground saline water resource in cotton irrigation.

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張俊鵬,馮棣,曹彩云,孫池濤,李科江,孫景生.咸水灌溉對棉花耗水特性和水分利用效率的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學報,2016,47(6):107-112. Zhang Junpeng, Feng Di, Cao Caiyun, Sun Chitao, Li Kejiang, Sun Jingsheng. Effects of Saline Water Irrigation on Water Consumption Characteristics and Water Use Efficiency of Cotton[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(6):107-112.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-10-25
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-06-10
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