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農(nóng)田利用排水灌溉對(duì)土壤入滲特性及棉花生長(zhǎng)的影響
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國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目 (31060084、51469029),、“十二五”國家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(2014BAC14B01)和塔里木大學(xué)重大專項(xiàng)(TDZKPY201501)


Effect of Farmland Drainage Irrigation on Soil Infiltration Characteristics and Cotton Seedling Growth in Southern of Xinjiang Province, China
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    摘要:

    為了評(píng)價(jià)南疆地區(qū)農(nóng)田利用排水灌溉的適用性,通過馬氏瓶供水,、定盤式負(fù)壓入滲儀以及室內(nèi)棉花萌芽和幼苗生長(zhǎng)的培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn),,研究了排水灌溉對(duì)土壤水分點(diǎn)源、面源入滲特性及對(duì)棉種萌發(fā),、幼苗生長(zhǎng)的影響。結(jié)果表明,在水分點(diǎn)源入滲試驗(yàn)中,,不同礦化度的排水灌溉后土壤水分入滲在水平方向上運(yùn)移較縱向明顯,當(dāng)排水礦化度大于2g/L時(shí),,在水平方向上土壤含水率隨礦化度的增大呈顯著下降趨勢(shì),。在水分面源入滲試驗(yàn)過程中,當(dāng)水頭條件相同時(shí),,土壤水分入滲量隨排水礦化度的增大而減小,,當(dāng)水頭條件不同時(shí),,土壤水分入滲量隨壓力水頭的減小顯著降低。根據(jù)穩(wěn)態(tài)條件下的面源入滲近似解,,不同礦化度的排水灌溉后,,土壤飽和導(dǎo)水率Ks先增后減,而模型參數(shù)λc的變化卻呈相反的變化趨勢(shì),,在排水礦化度達(dá)到2g/L時(shí)Ks和λc出現(xiàn)了極值,,礦化度越高對(duì)Ks和λc的影響越明顯。利用排水灌溉后,,當(dāng)?shù)V化度低于3g/L時(shí),,能夠保證棉種正常萌發(fā)而不產(chǎn)生危害,當(dāng)?shù)V化度超過3g/L時(shí),,開始顯現(xiàn)對(duì)棉種萌發(fā)的抑制作用,,高于5g/L時(shí)抑制作用強(qiáng)烈。排水礦化度低于4g/L對(duì)棉花幼苗的生長(zhǎng)影響較小,,超過4g/L時(shí),,棉花生育過程減緩顯著。

    Abstract:

    To evaluate the applicability of farmland irrigation and drainage in southern Xinjiang, adopting the experiment of water supplied by Markov bottle, of fixed disc infiltrometer, of cotton indoor seeding and growth, the effect of farmland irrigation and drainage on infiltration characteristics of the soil water at point source and non-point source, cotton emergence rate and growth was studied. The experiment results showed that during the test of soil water point source infiltration, the horizontal migration at different salinity irrigation water infiltration was more obvious than the longitudinal direction. When drainage salinity was over 2g/L, the soil water content values in the horizontal direction showed a significant downward trend with the increasing of salinity. During the test of soil water non-point source infiltration, the amount of soil water infiltration decreased with the increasing salinity at the same water head. And the amount significantly decreased with the decrease of water head. According to steady-state non-point source infiltration, soil saturated hydraulic conductivity Ks increased first and then decreased after different salinity irrigation, but the model parameters λc changed oppositely, when drainage salinity was at 2g/L, Ks and λc reached inflection point, and the effect was more obvious with the higher salinity. The cotton had a normal growth when water salinity was below 3g/L, while there was a obvious damage to the cotton emergence rate when it was at 5g/L. There was a low effect on cotton seeding growth when the salinity was below 4g/L, however, cotton growing was slowed significantly when the salinity was over 4g/L.

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王興鵬,段愛旺,李雙.農(nóng)田利用排水灌溉對(duì)土壤入滲特性及棉花生長(zhǎng)的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(6):100-106. Wang Xingpeng, Duan Aiwang, Li Shuang. Effect of Farmland Drainage Irrigation on Soil Infiltration Characteristics and Cotton Seedling Growth in Southern of Xinjiang Province, China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(6):100-106.

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  • 收稿日期:2016-03-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-06-10
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