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坡面草本植物對(duì)土壤分離及侵蝕動(dòng)力的影響研究
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北京高等學(xué)校青年英才計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(YETP0750),、國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41271300,、30900866)和中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)(2015ZCQ-SB-03)


Effect of Herb Plants on Soil Detachment and Erosion Dynamics
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    摘要:

    植被是影響坡面水力侵蝕過(guò)程的重要因素,,深入理解草本植物坡面不同降雨和徑流特性對(duì)土壤分離的作用是研究土壤侵蝕動(dòng)力學(xué)的基礎(chǔ),。為此基于坡面土壤分離試驗(yàn),,通過(guò)定量測(cè)定2種草本植物草冠、根系對(duì)降雨和徑流的影響,,研究了不同侵蝕力作用下的土壤分離特征,。結(jié)果表明,草本植物對(duì)坡面徑流和泥沙具有重要的調(diào)控作用,,相同覆蓋度下狗尾草坡面的徑流含沙量低于青蒿坡面(P<0.05),。對(duì)比草本植物結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)坡面土壤分離的影響,植物根系對(duì)坡面的減沙貢獻(xiàn)率均高于其冠層(P<0.05),,其中,,青蒿草冠對(duì)于坡面降雨的阻滯作用高于狗尾草草冠(P<0.05),而狗尾草根系的減沙效益高于青蒿根系(P<0.05),,這主要與草本植物葉面積指數(shù)(LAI)及根系形態(tài)分布有關(guān),,不同植物的根長(zhǎng)密度與土壤分離率呈指數(shù)函數(shù)關(guān)系。坡面土壤分離過(guò)程受到侵蝕阻力的影響,,在草本植物覆蓋坡面,,隨著植物覆蓋度的增加,,顆粒阻力和波阻力均呈增大趨勢(shì)。降雨侵蝕力和徑流剪切力是坡面土壤分離的主要侵蝕動(dòng)力,,不同試驗(yàn)條件下草本植物對(duì)降雨和徑流侵蝕力的降低值為189.21~698.92J·mm/(m.2·min)和6.27~20.38kg/(m·s2),,減弱系數(shù)分別為22.75%~84.04%和19.68%~63.97%。

    Abstract:

    Water erosion process is the interaction between erosion force of rainfall and runoff and soil resistance under the various factors, especially the vegetation plays a signification role, therefore, a better understanding of the effects of different raindrops and runoff characteristics on soil detachment of ground cover hillslope is basis to research soil erosion dynamics processes. A slope soil detachment experiment was conducted to reveal the slope erosion dynamic mechanism of herbs coverage. There erosion plots (0.5m wide×2m long) which were composed of upslope sink (1.5m long) and downslope soil box (0.5m long) with average coverage of 0, 20%~30%, 50%~60% and 80%~90% were installed. In order to research the quantitative influence of herbs structure on soil detachment rate and erosion dynamics, the experimental treatments separately measured the detachment effect of rainfall and runoff on slope soil. The results showed that the effect of herbs structure on soil detachment was different, and sediment reduction rate of roots was higher than the canopy (P<0.05). For two kinds of experimental herbs, the raindrops retardation coefficient of Artemisia carvifolia canopy is higher than that of Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. canopy(P<0.05), and the sediment reduction effect of roots is the opposite, the sediment reduction rate was decreased by 57.79%~74.74% and 62.87%~81.21%, respectively. This is mainly related to leaf area index and fibrous root content, and root length density and soil detachment rate present index function relation. Comparing with the soil detachment resistance characteristics, for the slope of herbs coverage, granule resistance and wave resistance were increased with the increasing vegetation coverage. The slope soil detachment dynamics mainly includes the rainfall and runoff, the herbs coverage on the influence of rainfall and runoff erosion dynamics are 189.21~698.92J·mm/(m2·min) and 6.27~20.38kg/(m·s2), respectively. The reduction coefficients were 22.75%~84.04% and 19.68%~63.97%. This study reveals the important effect of ground cover on soil detachment from dynamic mechanism, aimed to provide basis research on the hillslope erosion dynamics.

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楊帆,程金花,張洪江,周柱棟,戴矜君.坡面草本植物對(duì)土壤分離及侵蝕動(dòng)力的影響研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(5):129-137. Yang Fan, Cheng Jinhua, Zhang Hongjiang, Zhou Zhudong, Dai Jinjun. Effect of Herb Plants on Soil Detachment and Erosion Dynamics[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(5):129-137.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-11-19
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-05-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-05-10
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