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拖拉機(jī)駕駛機(jī)器人換擋機(jī)械手運(yùn)動(dòng)分析
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金項(xiàng)目(51405239)、江蘇省自然科學(xué)基金青年基金項(xiàng)目(BK20130696)、中央高校基本科研業(yè)務(wù)費(fèi)專項(xiàng)資金項(xiàng)目(KYZ201427)和遠(yuǎn)程測(cè)控技術(shù)江蘇省重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金項(xiàng)目(YCCK201501)


Motion Analysis of Tractor Robot Driver’s Gear Shift Mechanical Arm
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    摘要:

    針對(duì)小型四輪農(nóng)用拖拉機(jī)變速箱換擋阻力呈現(xiàn)時(shí)變,、非線性特性,且換擋后需要松開換擋桿的特殊要求,,設(shè)計(jì)了拖拉機(jī)駕駛機(jī)器人換擋機(jī)械手,,該機(jī)械手為關(guān)節(jié)型結(jié)構(gòu),,采用D-H方法建立機(jī)械手坐標(biāo)變換矩陣,,對(duì)機(jī)械手進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)分析,,并通過(guò)拉格朗日動(dòng)力學(xué)方程建立簡(jiǎn)化機(jī)械手的動(dòng)力學(xué)模型,。利用SolidWorks建立換擋機(jī)械手虛擬樣機(jī)模型,,并采用多體動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真軟件ADAMS進(jìn)行運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)和動(dòng)力學(xué)仿真;為保證換擋平順性,,設(shè)置機(jī)械手末端執(zhí)行器與拖拉機(jī)變速桿端部間位移小于50mm為約束條件,,將換擋過(guò)程中末端執(zhí)行器抖動(dòng)速度絕對(duì)值最小作為目標(biāo)函數(shù)進(jìn)行參數(shù)優(yōu)化,當(dāng)換擋機(jī)械手長(zhǎng)度為220.0mm、末端高度為393.25mm時(shí)目標(biāo)函數(shù)最優(yōu),,此時(shí)機(jī)械手末端執(zhí)行器抖動(dòng)速度平均值較優(yōu)化前減小28.18%,,位移和加速度平均值變化率分別為49.55%和52.05%,位移,、速度和加速度的峰值變化率分別為60.22%,、66.24%和81.66%,通過(guò)仿真初步驗(yàn)證了所提機(jī)械手參數(shù)優(yōu)化及所建模型的合理性和科學(xué)性,。最后,,在JINMA 300E型拖拉機(jī)上對(duì)優(yōu)化后的換擋機(jī)械手進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明機(jī)械手可實(shí)現(xiàn)不同擋位的換擋動(dòng)作,,平順性好,,并可模擬拖拉機(jī)駕駛員換擋完成后對(duì)變速桿的松手動(dòng)作,有良好的工程和應(yīng)用價(jià)值,。

    Abstract:

    Respect to the character that the gearbox shifting resistance exist in the fourwheel minitype agricultural tractor is timevarying and nonlinear and the special requirement that the gear shift lever has to be released after shifting, this paper designed a novel gear shift mechanical arm for tractor robot driver. This manipulator is joint type. According to the manipulator’s operating characteristic, this paper applied D-H method to establish the coordinate transformation matrix. Based on the kinematics analysis on the manipulator, Lagrange equation was used to simplify kinetic model of the manipulator. SolidWorks and ADAMS were applied to establish the virtual prototype model of the manipulator and to do kinematic and dynamic simulation respectively. In order to guarantee the smoothness of shift, the distance between the terminal of the manipulator’s actuator and the gear shift lever of the tractor was set to less than 50mm. The absolute value of terminal actuator’s minimum jitter speed during shift was optimized as the objective function. The target function is optimal when the length of shift manipulator is 220.0mm and the height of the terminal is 393.25mm. After optimization, the jitter speed fluctuation is 28.18% less than before. The rate of change of average displacement and average acceleration are 49.55% and 52.05%. At the same time, the peak value of the displacement, velocity and acceleration are 60.22%, 66.24% and 81.66%, respectively. Through the simulation, the optimization of the parameters of the manipulator, the rationality and the scientificity of the model are verified. Finally, through the experiment on gear shift mechanical arm on JINMA 300E tractor, the result shows that the gear mechanical arm can realize the goal to shift different gears smoothly. In addition, the design of the gear mechanical arm can complete some complicated actions of tractor’s driver. Thus, the gear shift mechanical arm has excellent engineering and application value.

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盧偉,陳浩,王玲,趙賢林,章永年.拖拉機(jī)駕駛機(jī)器人換擋機(jī)械手運(yùn)動(dòng)分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2016,47(1):37-44. Lu Wei, Chen Hao, Wang Ling, Zhao Xianlin, Zhang Yongnian. Motion Analysis of Tractor Robot Driver’s Gear Shift Mechanical Arm[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):37-44.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-07-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2016-01-10
  • 出版日期: 2016-01-10
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