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小麥提前造墑灌水對玉米后期光合與產(chǎn)量的影響
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃資助項目(2013BAD05B05),、公益性行業(yè)(農(nóng)業(yè))科研專項資助項目(201203077,、201303133-1-2)和河北省自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(C2014301026)


Effect of Pre-sowing Irrigation Advancement of Winter Wheat on Photosynthesis and Yield of Summer Maize at Later Growth Stage Photosynthesis and Yield of Summer Maize at Later Growth Stage Effect of Pre-sowing Irrigation Advancement of Winter Wheat on Photosynthesis and Yield of Summer Maize at Later Growth Stage
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    摘要:

    于2011—2012年玉米生長后期,,進行小麥分期提前造墑灌溉(設(shè)置9月20日,、9月25日,、9月30日灌溉3個水平,,不灌水為對照,,分別用I9.20,、I9.25,、I9.30和CK表示)單因素試驗,,研究小麥提前造墑灌溉對夏玉米后期光合與產(chǎn)量的影響。結(jié)果表明:玉米后期穗位葉凈光合速率(Pn)日變化,,CK為“雙峰”曲線,,其他處理為“單峰”曲線。Pn日變化均值以I9.20與I9.25處理較高,,2年同品種處理間棒3葉葉源量(LSC)也以I9.20與I9.25處理較高,。與光合特性不同,莖稈糖分含量以CK較高,,其他處理較低,。不同灌水模式還對玉米灌漿有一定影響,I9.20、I9.25處理的最大灌漿速率及灌漿平均速率較大,,灌漿活躍期較長,,快增期百粒質(zhì)量積累量較多,百粒質(zhì)量與籽粒產(chǎn)量較高,?!糐P2〗另外,水分處理還對干物質(zhì)再分配有一定影響,,吐絲后同化物輸入籽粒量表現(xiàn)為I9.25>I9.20>I9.30≥〖JP〗CK,。可見,,河北平原小麥適期提前造墑灌溉,,改善了玉米群體光合性能,促進了吐絲后同化物向籽粒運轉(zhuǎn),,提高了籽粒產(chǎn)量,。綜上所述,本研究條件下小麥造墑灌水建議提前于9月20—25日,。

    Abstract:

    In order to clarify the characteristics of photosynthesis and yield responses of summer maize to pre-sowing irrigation advancement for winter wheat, a single factor experiment of irrigation times (Sep. 30th, Sep. 25th, Sep. 20th written as I9.30, I9.25, I9.20) was conducted during 2011—2012 and no irrigation advancement treatment was taken as control (CK). The results indicated that the diurnal variation of net photosynthesis (Pn) in ear leaf of maize was different among the four treatments, CK showed a single peak curve, while the other three treatments showed bimodality. As to the averages of the diurnal variation of Pn of each treatment, I9.20 and I9.25 were higher than others and the change of leaf source capacity (LSC) of the total three near ear leaves appeared a similar pattern, i.e., I9.20 and I9.25 showed higher values. The changing of sugar content in maize stem, however, was different from that of the photosynthesis characteristics; the stem sugar content of CK was higher than those of other treatments. Grain filling was also influenced by different irrigation treatments. The I9.20 and I9.25 treatments showed larger maximum filling rates, longer active grain filling periods, and higher grain weights and grain yield. Different irrigation times had effect on the dry matter distribution as well. The amount of accumulated dry matter after anthesis of different treatments showed a trend as I9.25>I9.20>I9.30≥CK, which demonstrated that the pre-sowing irrigation advancement of winter wheat was able to improve the population photosynthetic performance, promote dry matter translocation from vegetative organs to grains after anthesis, and finally increase the grain yield of maize in Hebei Plain. The best period for irrigation advancement in this experiment was from Sep. 20th to Sep. 25th.

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黨紅凱,曹彩云,鄭春蓮,杜雄,馬俊永,李科江.小麥提前造墑灌水對玉米后期光合與產(chǎn)量的影響[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2015,46(10):127-135. Dang Hongkai, Cao Caiyun, Zheng Chunlian, Du Xiong, Ma Junyong, Li Kejiang. Effect of Pre-sowing Irrigation Advancement of Winter Wheat on Photosynthesis and Yield of Summer Maize at Later Growth Stage Photosynthesis and Yield of Summer Maize at Later Growth Stage Effect of Pre-sowing Irrigation Advancement of Winter Wheat on Photosynthesis and Yield of Summer Maize at Later Growth Stage[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(10):127-135.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-12-26
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-10-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-10-10
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