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近34年瑪納斯河流域棉花生長(zhǎng)和耗水特征研究
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金青年基金資助項(xiàng)目(41101101),、中國(guó)科學(xué)院“西部之光”人才培養(yǎng)計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(XBBS201110)和國(guó)家重點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)研究發(fā)展計(jì)劃(973計(jì)劃)資助項(xiàng)目(2014CB460603)


Growth and Water Consumption Characteristics of Cotton in Manas Basin during Recent 34 Years
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    摘要:

    利用1980—2013年北疆瑪納斯河流域?yàn)跆m烏蘇農(nóng)業(yè)氣象站長(zhǎng)期的農(nóng)氣觀測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)資料,,對(duì)3個(gè)典型棉花種植時(shí)期:裸地溝灌(NF,1980—1993年)、覆膜溝灌(MF,1994—2004年)以及膜下滴灌時(shí)期(MD,,2005—2013年)的棉花生長(zhǎng)和耗水特征進(jìn)行對(duì)比研究,。結(jié)果表明:在充分灌溉的條件下,,棉花籽粒產(chǎn)量主要受溫度影響,,而蒸散量的變化與灌水量有關(guān),。近34年,該站棉花籽棉產(chǎn)量和棉田蒸散量均呈增加趨勢(shì),,每年籽棉產(chǎn)量的增加率大于蒸散量的增加率,,棉田水分利用效率(WUE)和灌溉水利用效率(IWUE)也隨之呈增加趨勢(shì)。MD時(shí)期的WUE和IWUE值最大,,分別為(0.7±0.1)、(1.0±0.3) kg/m3,,在我國(guó)和世界其他干旱,、半干旱棉花產(chǎn)區(qū)均處于較高水平。

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    Xinjiang is one of the three major cotton-producing areas in China, and provided 45% of the nations production. Due to the intensive agricultural management, the cotton planting in Xinjiang go through three cropping periods in 1980—2013. The three cropping periods are as following: period of furrow irrigation with non-mulching (NF period, 1980—1993), period of furrow irrigation with mulching (MF period, 1994—2004) and period of drip irrigation with mulching (MD period, 2005—2013). Under the condition of sufficient irrigation, the seed yield of cotton was closely influenced by air temperature, and the evapotranspiration was more related to irrigation water amount. The seed yield reached the maximum value of 4493.3 kg/hm2 in MD period, while ET had the peak value of 714 mm in NF period. In the recent 34 years, the seed yield and evapotranspiration of cotton were generally increased. The annual increasing rate of seed yield (83.97 kg/hm2) was greater than that of evapotranspiration (5.46 mm). Thus water use efficiency (WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of cotton were also increased. WUE and IWUE reached the peak value of (0.7±0.1) kg/m3 and (1.0±0.3) kg/m3, respectively, which were close to the levels in humid regions.

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王進(jìn),白潔,羅格平,王紹明.近34年瑪納斯河流域棉花生長(zhǎng)和耗水特征研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2015,46(8):83-89. Wang Jin, Bai Jie, Luo Geping, Wang Shaoming. Growth and Water Consumption Characteristics of Cotton in Manas Basin during Recent 34 Years[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(8):83-89.

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  • 收稿日期:2015-04-23
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-08-10
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