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冬小麥精準(zhǔn)追肥機(jī)專家決策系統(tǒng)
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(2013BAD08B04-8)和江蘇省普通高校研究生科研創(chuàng)新計(jì)劃資助項(xiàng)目(KYLX_0518)


Expert Decision System of Precision Fertilizer for Winter Wheat
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    摘要:

    為了實(shí)現(xiàn)小麥生長過程中的實(shí)時變量追肥,研究了光譜數(shù)據(jù)處理策略及目標(biāo)追肥量的計(jì)算模型,,開發(fā)了基于近地光譜探測技術(shù)的實(shí)時變量追肥專家決策系統(tǒng),,結(jié)合小麥冠層歸一化植被指數(shù)(NDVI),、追肥機(jī)實(shí)際行進(jìn)速度和肥料反饋量,,雙通道獨(dú)立控制施肥機(jī)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)速和開度,,從而實(shí)時調(diào)整追肥量,,實(shí)現(xiàn)精準(zhǔn)變量追肥,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,,專家決策系統(tǒng)的控制精度達(dá)到90%以上,,可以滿足精準(zhǔn)追肥的要求;拔節(jié)期,,變量追肥比定量均勻施肥增施氮肥28kg/hm2左右,;變量施肥有利于改善小麥群體結(jié)構(gòu),降低產(chǎn)量差異性,。

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    In order to achieve real-time variable dressing in wheat jointing stage, spectral data processing strategy and expected fertilizer quantity calculation model were studied. The variable rate fertilization expert decision system was developed based on crop canopy real-time spectral information (Normalized differential vegetation index, NDVI). Combined with NDVI information, actual traveling speed of dressing machine and feedback amount of fertilizer, the dual-channel independently controlled the speed and the opening of institutions to real-time adjust the amount of fertilization. The comparative experiments of ratio fertilization and traditional fertilization for winter wheat with different base fertilizer rates in Jiangsu Huanghai Farm were carried out. In order to improve the efficiency of expert decision system, the optimal data processing strategy was analyzed. Results showed that the best data processing frequency of the expert decision system was 1Hz. Using more fertilizers was beneficial to promote the winter wheat individual growth, but it was not conducive to the structure of the group. The variation coefficient of NDVI in control area was the largest, as high as 11.32%. Variable fertilizer could effectively reduce the variation cofficient of NDVI, decreased by up to 3.57% and the average of 1.46%. The fertilization precision can reach above 90%. Variable rate fertilizer applied more nitrogen (28kg/hm2) than quantitative fertilization. Variable rate fertilization would help to improve wheat population structure and reduce the yield differences. Therefore, the expert decision system was favorable, and could achieve precise fertilization in the precision agriculture.

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陳 滿,施印炎,汪小旵,孫國祥,李 雪.冬小麥精準(zhǔn)追肥機(jī)專家決策系統(tǒng)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2015,46(7):17-22. Chen Man, Shi Yinyan, Wang Xiaochan, Sun Guoxiang, Li Xue. Expert Decision System of Precision Fertilizer for Winter Wheat[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(7):17-22.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-10-08
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-07-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-07-10
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