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Drought and flood disasters are the main meteorological disasters in China. For the vegetation index and land surface temperature retrieved by optical remote sensing data for drought and flood disaster monitoring has a lag in time, precipitation data can reflect the surface dry and wet state more timely and intuitively. Current methods for monitoring drought and flood disasters based on precipitation extremerely primarily on point-based in situ meteorological stations. Tropical rainfall measurement mission (TRMM) microwave remote sensing offers the possibility of quantifying drought and flood conditions over large spatial extents. This research used scale of 12 standardize precipitation index (SPI12) to explore the spatial and temporal characteristics of flood and drought in Jiangsu Province based on the TRMM 3B43 monthly precipitation data from 1998 to 2014. The month-to-month changes and spatial distributions of SPI12 were got from 1999 to 2014 in Jiangsu Province. It concludes that: the probability of drought and flood disasters happened in Jiangsu Province is 34.08% during 16 years, and the drought (16.74%) is closed to the flood (17.34%). Jiangsu Province is easily influenced by drought and flood disasters in every season of the year, and drought and flood disasters happened alternately. Extreme drought or flood disasters in Jiangsu Province happened many times from 1999 to 2014. Also, central of Jiangsu Province is easily affected by drought and flood disasters. At the same time, this research shows that the TRMM data can be used to monitor the flood and drought disasters in large spatial extents effectively.