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Shuttleworth-Wallace模型模擬陜北棗林蒸散適用性分析
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“十二五”國家科技支撐計劃資助項目(2013BAD20B03、2011BAD29B04),、陜西省科技統(tǒng)籌創(chuàng)新工程資助項目(2013KTZB02-03-02)和林業(yè)公益性行業(yè)科研專項資助項目(201404709)


Applicability of Shuttleworth-Wallace Model for Evapotranspiration Estimation of Jujube Forests in Loess Hilly-gully Region
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    摘要:

    在生態(tài)脆弱的陜北黃土丘陵區(qū),,林地耗水是生態(tài)學(xué)者長期關(guān)注的熱點問題,,準(zhǔn)確測算植物耗水量是環(huán)境水分研究的關(guān)鍵,。根據(jù)陜北山地棗林的立地條件和蒸散過程特點,,結(jié)合2012年的實測資料,,確定了相關(guān)模型參數(shù),實現(xiàn)了Shuttleworth-Wallace(SW)和Penman-Monteith(PM)模型對棗林蒸散量的模擬,,并利用2013年莖流計監(jiān)測的蒸騰量和水量平衡原理推求的蒸散量,,對這2個模型進(jìn)行了比較和檢驗。結(jié)果表明:就整個棗樹生育期10d尺度蒸散量而言,,SW模型模擬精度優(yōu)于PM模型,。此外,2模型精度隨棗樹生育期變化而變化,,且萌芽展葉期精度均最低,。SW模型日蒸騰量模擬精度滿足要求,但易受到天氣狀況影響,,晴天模型精度優(yōu)于雨天,。SW模型精度在陜北山地棗林里得到驗證,是半干旱區(qū)山地棗林耗水規(guī)律研究的有效工具,。

    Abstract:

    In the Loess Plateau region, where climatic conditions are dry with severe water shortage, agricultural development is limited by water availability. Several studies have shown that due to high water consumption and poor land management, forest trees induce soil dry up and ecological degradation in Loess Plateau region. Pear jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) is one of the common tree species cultivated in this region due to its high drought tolerance and considerable economic benefits, but there are limited studies about its water consumptions. Sustainable cultivation of vast jujube plantations could prevent these ecological issues in the fragile ecological environment of Loess Plateau. Evapotranspiration (ET), which is the sum of plant transpiration and soil evaporation, is a continuous process of water loss in the soil plant atmosphere continuum. An accurate prediction of ET is necessary for developing agricultural management strategies to improve water use efficiency and ensure sustainable agricultural production. Therefore, the aim of this study on the simulation model of jujube ET would be significant. In addition, the single layer Penman-Monteith (PM) model is the most commonly used and the one recommended by FAO. However, the model is mostly used for dense canopy vegetation types as the “big leaf” assumption cannot sufficiently differentiate between vegtation and bare soil. As a measure of PM model weakness, Shuttleworth and Wallace developed a more complex two layer interactive model called the Shuttleworth-Wallace (SW) model that allows interaction between canopy and bare soil flue. The two layer SW model shows a superior performance over single layer models. In the Loess Plateau, due to water shortage, jujube forests are usually cultivated sparsely with low canopy cover, so it is necessary to select a suitable ET model for pear jujube forest. Based on the forest stand and climate condition, we parameterized the SW and PM models by using the data measured in 2012 and fulfilled the estimation of pear jujube forest ET in the fragile, semi arid, hilly Loess Plateau region of Mengcha Village in Shaanxi Province, China. Then the estimated ET by SW and PM models were validated and compared through ET computed by water balance theory, while the estimated transpiration by SW model was examined by observation from thermal dissipation probes (TDP) during 2013. The results showed that over the whole growing season, SW model performed better than PM model in ET estimation. Their accuracy was the poorest in the germination and leaf expansion stage and changed following the growth seasons. The accuracy of SW model in ET estimation met the evaluation criteria but PM model did not. The accuracy of SW model in transpiration estimation met the evaluation criteria, but it was affected by the weather condition, specifically, sunny days were better than rainy days. In the stand of sparsely cultivated jujube forest, the reliability of SW was comprehensively validated. Therefore, SW model could be the promising model applied in ET estimation to grasp the law of water consumption for jujube forest and similar stand in the semi arid Loess Plateau.

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衛(wèi)新東,劉守陽,陳滇豫,汪有科,汪 星,魏新光. Shuttleworth-Wallace模型模擬陜北棗林蒸散適用性分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2015,46(3):142-151. Wei Xindong, Liu Shouyang, Chen Dianyu, Wang Youke, Wang Xing, Wei Xinguang. Applicability of Shuttleworth-Wallace Model for Evapotranspiration Estimation of Jujube Forests in Loess Hilly-gully Region[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(3):142-151.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-11-03
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-03-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-03-10
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