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脈沖邊界模型測量凍土坡面徑流流速與距離優(yōu)選
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國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(41230746)


Optimum Measurement Distance of Water Flow Velocity over Frozen Slopes with Pulse Boundary Model Method
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    摘要:

    在室內(nèi)不同坡度和流量條件下,用電解質(zhì)脈沖邊界模型以及染色劑示蹤法進行凍土坡面和未凍土壤坡面徑流流速測量的對比研究,。采用長3.8m,、寬0.2m和深0.08m的試驗土槽,用新疆阿克蘇溫宿縣科其喀爾冰川流域草甸土,,裝土容重為1.0g/cm3,、厚度5cm,將土樣飽和后凍結(jié),,制備用于試驗的凍土坡面,。為提高試驗效率,采用在砂紙上粘貼土壤顆粒的方法模擬未凍土壤坡面,。在坡度5°,、10°和15°,流量12,、24和48L/min條件下,,采用電解質(zhì)脈沖邊界模型方法和染色劑示蹤方法測量凍土和未凍土壤坡面徑流流速,并確定電解質(zhì)脈沖邊界模型方法的最優(yōu)測量距離,。結(jié)果表明:電解質(zhì)脈沖邊界模型測量流速隨著測量距離增加呈指數(shù)增加,,并逐漸趨于恒定。通過流速隨溝長的變化關(guān)系,,計算得到凍土坡面條件下,,電解質(zhì)脈沖邊界模型測量流速與實際流速相差5%和10%,所需測量距離分別為1.7~2.7m以及1.4~2.1m,。電解質(zhì)脈沖邊界模型法測得的凍土坡面徑流流速隨坡度,、流量增大而增大,為0.45~0.98m/s,,是未凍土壤坡面徑流流速的1.43倍,。凍土坡面染色劑示蹤法測得的流速較電解質(zhì)脈沖邊界模型測得的流速大3%~20%;未凍土壤坡面染色劑示蹤法測得的流速較電解質(zhì)脈沖邊界模型測得的流速大6%~35%,。

    Abstract:

    The water flow velocity over hillslope is an important hydraulic parameter. A series of comparative flume experiments were conducted to study the flow velocity with pulse boundary model method and dye tracer method, along both the frozen slopes and non-frozen slopes. The flume used in the experiments was 3.8m long, 0.2m wide, and 0.08m high, with soil taken from Koxkar Glacier basin in Akesu, Xinjiang Automous Region. The experimental soil was packed evenly into the flume to a bulk density of 1.0g/cm3 and a thickness of 5cm. The packed soil was saturated before frozen prior to each experiment. The experiments involved three flow rates (12, 24 and 48L/min) and three slope gradients (5°, 10° and 15°). The velocities measured by pulse boundary model method increased exponentially with distance from the solution injection location, before becoming steady. The distances for measuring flow velocity with pulse boundary model method on the frozen slope were calculated from the relationship of velocity and distance. The calculated results showed that the minimum distances for measured velocity with an error less than 5% were 1.7~2.7m and those for an error less than 10% were 1.4~2.1m from the injector under the given flow rates and slope gradients. The velocities, over frozen slopes, measured by the pulse boundary model method under the given experimental conditions ranged from 0.45m/s to 0.98m/s, increased with slope gradients and flow rates, which were 1.43 times of those over non-frozen slopes. The velocities over frozen slopes, as measured by the dye tracer method were 3%~20% higher than those measured by the pulse boundary model method under different slope gradients and flow rates. Those over non-frozen slopes measured by the dye tracer method were 6%~35% higher than those measured by the pulse boundary model method. The result is useful and important to understand the hydraulic dynamic process of frozen soil erosion.

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董月群,莊曉暉,雷廷武,馬玉瑩,殷哲.脈沖邊界模型測量凍土坡面徑流流速與距離優(yōu)選[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機械學(xué)報,2015,46(2):146-152. Dong Yuequn, Zhuang Xiaohui, Lei Tingwu, Ma Yuying, Yin Zhe. Optimum Measurement Distance of Water Flow Velocity over Frozen Slopes with Pulse Boundary Model Method[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(2):146-152.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-01-20
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2015-02-10
  • 出版日期: 2015-02-10
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