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The research progresses in conversion of all-components of biomass to high-valued hydrocarbons (gasoline and jet fuel) were summarized. In the upgrading of bio-oil, the research progress for olefins and aromatics production via catalytic cracking of bio-oil and hydrocarbon fuels production via hydrodeoxygenation of bio-oil were introduced. In the use of carbohydrate, the process routes and technical principles for the synthesis of C5/C6 and C8~C15 alkanes from cellulose and hemicelluloses via hydrolysis monosaccharide were introduced, and typical catalysts were enumerated. In the use of lignin, the new progress for production of single ring phenolic compounds from lignin via catalytic depolymerization and the production of hydrocarbon fuels from single ring phenolics via hydrodeoxygenation were introduced. Meanwhile, the existing problems in the process of catalytic conversion were pointed out. For example, large amounts of H2 were needed for the production of hydrocarbon fuels from biomass. This would increase the cost of hydrocarbon fuel due to the high price of H2. In addition, catalyst used in the process of biomass-refining usually deactivates rapidly since that the formation of coke. So, it is important to make the reaction conditions mild to avoid the formation of coke, extending the life time of the catalyst.