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雨滴動(dòng)能對(duì)紅壤地表溶質(zhì)遷移特性影響試驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目（40801107,、41471185)


Effects of Raindrop Energy on Runoff, Chemicals and Sediment Transport in Red Soil Slope
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    摘要:

    以非吸附性溴離子和吸附性磷元素為示蹤劑,，通過(guò)改變針頭式降雨器的雨滴降落高度獲取不同雨滴動(dòng)能，并推算其相應(yīng)的雨滴能量流（Rain droplet energy flux, DE）,，研究雨滴動(dòng)能對(duì)紅壤坡面溶質(zhì)遷移特征的影響,。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,，初始產(chǎn)流時(shí)間、地表土壤含水率,、土壤水分入滲深度等均隨著DE增大而線性減?。粡搅骺偭?Total runoff, TR)與DE呈冪函數(shù)遞增關(guān)系;產(chǎn)沙量(Sediment yield, SY)與DE可用對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)描述,。在不同雨滴動(dòng)能條件下,，徑流溴離子濃度隨產(chǎn)流時(shí)間呈冪函數(shù)衰減，土壤溴離子淋溶深度隨著雨滴動(dòng)能增大而減少,；徑流溶解態(tài)磷濃度隨產(chǎn)流時(shí)間呈線性增大趨勢(shì),，徑流全磷（Total phosphorus, TP）流失總量與DE的關(guān)系可用指數(shù)函數(shù)描述，且徑流全磷流失量與徑流總量及產(chǎn)沙量高度相關(guān),；雨滴動(dòng)能越大導(dǎo)致表層土壤磷素含量越低,。

    Abstract:

    Kinetic energy from rainfall is one of the most active factors impacting soil chemicals transport in runoff and the chemicals transport by rainfall splash is usually the first step. Effects of raindrop kinetic energy on the transport of soluble chemicals and sediment to runoff and infiltration into a clay red soil were quantified. The runoff, chemical and sediment transfer were investigated in small soil beds for five kinetic energy of raindrops obtained by varying heights of fall (0, 0.7,1.0, 2.5 and 4.0m), using a drip-type simulator. Runoff lag time, water content in surface and depth of water infiltration decreased linearly with increasing of the droplet energy flux (DE). The relationships of total runoff(TR), sediment yield(SY) and DE were described by power and logarithmic functions, respectively. The bromide transport in surface runoff was best described by a power decay model with the decay coefficients related to rainfall energy. The concentration of dissolved phosphorus in runoff increased linearly with time and the relation between the amount of total phosphorus (TP) loss to runoff and DE was an exponential function. The vertical transport of bromide and phosphorus within the soil matrix was strongly dependent upon the raindrop impact. 

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王輝,平李娜,沈紫燕,龔恩磊.雨滴動(dòng)能對(duì)紅壤地表溶質(zhì)遷移特性影響試驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2014,45(12):165-170,223. Wang Hui, Ping Li’na, Shen Ziyan, Gong Enlei. Effects of Raindrop Energy on Runoff, Chemicals and Sediment Transport in Red Soil Slope[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(12):165-170,223.

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  • 收稿日期:2014-05-07
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-12-10
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