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水分調控對麥茬棉產量和水分利用效率的影響
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國家高技術研究發(fā)展計劃(863計劃)資助項目(2011AA100502)、現代農業(yè)棉花產業(yè)技術體系建設專項資金資助項目(CARS-18-19)和公益性行業(yè)(農業(yè))科研專項資助項目(201203077)


Effects of Different Water Treatment on Yield and Water Use of Transplanted Cotton Following Wheat Harvest
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    為研究麥后移栽棉對水分調控的響應,,于2012年6月~2012年10月通過人工控水試驗研究了水分供應對麥后移栽棉生長、產量和品質的影響,。小區(qū)試驗結果表明,蕾期輕度水分虧缺花鈴期充分灌水處理(T2)的籽棉產量,、成鈴數以及單鈴質量均為最大,,但蕾期和花鈴期輕度水分脅迫處理(T4)的產量與處理T2差異不顯著,但水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率分別提高了23.93%和34.01%,;管栽試驗結果表明,,對照處理(T7)的單株成鈴數的收獲籽棉產量均最高,與對照處理相比,,全生育期輕度水分脅迫處理(T8)減產3.98%,,水分利用效率和灌溉水利用效率分別提高了9.70%和20.02%;桶栽試驗結果表明,,灌水定額為1.6倍ETp處理(T11)的籽棉產量和單株成鈴數均最高,,與處理T11相比,,灌水定額為1.3ETp處理(T12)的籽棉產量僅降低了9.7%,而灌水定額為1.0 ETp處理(T13)的籽棉產量降低了30%,。說明適宜的水分脅迫(灌水下限為60%~65% FC,,灌水上限為80%~85% FC)有利于麥后移栽棉的高產和水分利用效率的提高。

    Abstract:

    Water regulation has important influence on intransplanted cotton following wheat harvest. To investigate a suitable irrigation schedule of intransplanted cotton following wheat harvest, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of different water treatments on the water consumption, seed yield, water use efficiency and quality of intransplanted cotton following wheat harvest. Three irrigation level 45%~50%, 60%~65% and 75%~80% FC were set as lower limit of soil moisture for plot experiment under a rainproof canopy at squaring stage and blooming-boll forming stage, respectively. 80%~100% FC (T7), 60%~80% FC (T8), 50%~90% FC (T9) and 40%~60% FC (T10) were set for pipe experiment from seeding stage to boll opening stage, respectively. Five irrigation quota treatments, 1.6 (T11), 1.3 (T12), 1.0 (T13), 0.7 (T14) and 0.4 (T15) times of ETp(ETp was the accumulated of 20 cm pan evaporation during twice of the irrigation interval), were set for pot experiment and the irrigation time of each treatment was consistent with a cycle of 4~10 d, 3~7 d, 2~5 d and 4~10 d at seeding stage, squaring stage, blooming-boll forming stage and boll opening stage, respectively. The results were shown as follows, for plot experiment, seed yield, number of bolls per plant and single boll weight were maximum under T2, and the difference of seed yield was insignificant compared to T4, while WUE and IWUE decreased by 23.93% and 34.01%, respectively. For pipe experiment, the numbers of bolls per plant and seed yield were maximal under T7, where the seed yield decreased by 3.98% for T8 compared to CK while WUE and IWUE increased by 9.7% and 20.2%, respectively. For pot experiment, the numbers of bolls per plant and seed yield were maximal under T11, and seed yield increased by 9.7% and 30% compared to T12 and T13, respectively. This showed that moderate water stress was propitious to improve seed yield and WUE of intransplanted cotton following wheat harvest (lower limit 60%~65% FC, upper limit 80%~85% FC).

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申孝軍,孫景生,張寄陽,高陽,王景雷,劉浩.水分調控對麥茬棉產量和水分利用效率的影響[J].農業(yè)機械學報,2014,45(6):150-160. Shen Xiaojun, Sun Jingsheng, Zhang Jiyang, Gao Yang, Wang Jinglei, Liu Hao. Effects of Different Water Treatment on Yield and Water Use of Transplanted Cotton Following Wheat Harvest[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2014,45(6):150-160.

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  • 收稿日期:2013-12-06
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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2014-06-10
  • 出版日期: 2014-06-10
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