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水氮量對層狀包氣帶土壤氮素遷移累積的影響分析
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國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(51279204)和水利部公益性行業(yè)科研專項資助項目(201101051)


Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Irrigation Level on Soil Nitrogen Leaching and Accumulation in Deep Soil
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    摘要:

    采用田間小區(qū)試驗,研究夏玉米/冬小麥輪作期間不同水氮處理對0~450cm土壤NO-3-N,、NH+4-N和總N遷移累積的影響,。結(jié)果表明,層狀包氣帶土壤的質(zhì)地和結(jié)構(gòu)對水分,、NO-3-N和總N在土層中的分布均有顯著影響,,而土壤結(jié)構(gòu)只對NH+4-N有顯著影響。不同水氮處理對土壤NO-3-N,、NH+4-N和總N的直接影響深度分別為400,、200和120cm,間接影響深度都為400 cm,。單次灌水量52.5 mm,、單次施氮量195 kg/hm2的處理土壤NO-3-N在0~250cm土層發(fā)生明顯的遷移現(xiàn)象;而單次灌水量105 mm,、單次施氮量大于等于130kg/hm2的處理在0~400 cm土層發(fā)生明顯的遷移現(xiàn)象,。對于“壤土-砂土-壤土” 結(jié)構(gòu)的包氣帶土壤,土壤中NO-3-N,、NH+4-N和總N質(zhì)量比從大到小為:380~450 cm壤土土層,、0~120 cm壤土土層、120~380 cm砂土土層,、380~450 cm特殊的壤土土層對水分和氮素的遷移起到了阻礙作用,。建議當(dāng)?shù)胤N植夏玉米/冬小麥期間,單次灌水量為52.5 mm,、施氮量為65 kg/hm2,。

    Abstract:

    Based on the field plot experiments of four chemical N application rates (0, 65, 130 and 195kg/hm2) and two irrigation levels (52.5 and 105 mm) applied to summer maize and winter wheat growing, the NO-3-N, NH+4-N and total nitrogen migration and accumulation in the first 450 cm depth of layered soils for each treatment were studied. The results showed that the soil texture and structure had a significant effect on soil moisture, NO-3-N and total nitrogen content and distribution in soil profile, and soil structure had a significant effect on soil NH+4-N content and distribution in soil profile. Fertilization and irrigation had different influence depth on soil NO-3-N, NH+4-N and total nitrogen, and the direct influence depth was 400, 200 and 120 cm, respectively, while the indirect influence depth was 400 cm for all. Soil NO-3-N in the treatments that irrigation level was 52.5 mm and nitrogen application rate was 195 kg/hm2, and irrigation level was 105 mm and nitrogen application rate greater than or equal to 130 kg/hm2 had obvious phenomenon of migration, and the migration depth was 250 and 400 cm, respectively. For the 0~450cm layered soils that had a loam, sandy soil and loam layer from top to bottom, the average soil NO-3-N, NH+4-N and total nitrogen content were all in the following descending order: 380~450cm loam layer, 0~120 cm loam layer, and 120~380 cm sandy soil layer. The special 380~450 cm loam layer blocked the migration of water and nitrogen. It was advised to use an irrigation level of 52.5 mm and nitrogen application rate of 65 kg/hm2 at a single time in growing summer maize and winter wheat in southeast agricultural region of Beijing.

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商放澤,楊培嶺,任樹梅.水氮量對層狀包氣帶土壤氮素遷移累積的影響分析[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2013,44(10):112-121. Shang Fangze, Yang Peiling, Ren Shumei. Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application and Irrigation Level on Soil Nitrogen Leaching and Accumulation in Deep Soil[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(10):112-121.

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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2013-10-14
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