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集中水流沖刷條件下淺溝徑流流速特征研究
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黃河水利委員會治黃專項資助項目(黃水保[2007]19號);中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)研究生科研創(chuàng)新專項資助項目(KYCX2011086)


Ephemeral Gully Flow Velocity under Concentrated Water Flow
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    摘要:

    在室內(nèi)不同坡度和徑流流量條件下,,用電解質(zhì)示蹤法和染色劑示蹤法進(jìn)行淺溝徑流流速測量的對比研究。用采自北京的粉壤土在室內(nèi)試驗?zāi)M淺溝侵蝕,測量并計算淺溝徑流流速,。在坡度5°,、10°,、20°,,流量64,、128,、256L/min條件下,,進(jìn)行淺溝水流流速的測定試驗。測量結(jié)果表明,,淺溝徑流流速隨坡長增加略有減小,,隨流量和坡度增大而增大。電解質(zhì)示蹤法測量得到的流速在0.55~1.60m/s之間,,而染色劑示蹤法測量得到的流速為0.71~1.45m/s,,染色劑示蹤法測量得到的流速略小于電解質(zhì)示蹤法測量結(jié)果??紤]到淺溝水流對示蹤劑稀釋及紊流對水流的擾動造成的視覺影響,,電解質(zhì)示蹤法測量的流速具有其合理性。

    Abstract:

    A series of flume experiments with a silt loam taken from Beijing were conducted to measure water flow velocity with two methods, the electrolyte tracer method and dye tracer method. A solute injector, a data logger for control and data acquisition was used for flow velocity measurement. The experiment involved three slope gradients (5°, 10° and 20°), and three flow rates (64L/min, 128L/min and 256L/min). The results showed that the velocity of ephemeral gully water flow tended to decrease with slope length. The velocity increased with flow rate and slope gradient. The velocity measured by the electrolyte tracer method under the given experimental condition ranged from 0.55m/s to 1.60m/s, as compared with 0.71m/s to 1.45m/s by the dye tracer method. The velocities measured by the two methods were compared under different slope gradients and flow rates. The velocities measured by the dye tracer tended to be lower than those measured by the electrolyte tracer method. Considering the strong dilution and disturb effects of high rate water flow and strong turbulence on dye tracer, visual detection of dye movement should have caused later detection of the dye movement in water flow. All these indicate that the measured velocity of ephemeral flow seems rational.

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董月群,雷廷武,張晴雯,顏燕,劉芳芳.集中水流沖刷條件下淺溝徑流流速特征研究[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報,2013,44(5):96-100. Dong Yuequn, Lei Tingwu, Zhang Qingwen, Yan Yan, Liu Fangfang. Ephemeral Gully Flow Velocity under Concentrated Water Flow[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2013,44(5):96-100.

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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2013-04-28
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