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覆膜開孔條件下斥水性層狀土壤蒸發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)
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國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)資助項(xiàng)目(91125010)


Evaporation Experiments on Layered Water-repellent Soil under Perforated Plastic Mulch
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    摘要:

    覆膜開孔影響田間非均質(zhì)土壤的水分運(yùn)動(dòng)過程,,尤其當(dāng)斥水程度不同時(shí),,其運(yùn)動(dòng)過程更趨于復(fù)雜,。在控制土表不同覆膜開孔率條件下,,進(jìn)行了不同斥水程度的塿夾砂和砂夾塿的土柱蒸發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn),,測(cè)定和分析了不同條件下土壤水分蒸發(fā)量變化過程和含水率剖面,。結(jié)果表明,,全覆膜的累積蒸發(fā)量—時(shí)間曲線明顯較低,,相應(yīng)的蒸發(fā)10d后土壤水分剖面也與初始水分剖面接近,,對(duì)于塿夾砂尤其明顯,。覆膜開孔率增加時(shí),同條件下兩種層狀土的累積蒸發(fā)量與全覆膜相比均有明顯增加,,表明一旦覆膜開孔,,覆膜保墑效應(yīng)便明顯降低。斥水程度增加時(shí),,累積蒸發(fā)量有所減小,,說明斥水性的存在降低了水分運(yùn)移速率。當(dāng)土壤為嚴(yán)重斥水時(shí),斥水性對(duì)水分運(yùn)動(dòng)過程的影響比覆膜開孔率的影響更明顯,。對(duì)于不同斥水程度的塿夾砂,,采用對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)表達(dá)累積蒸發(fā)量和時(shí)間的定量關(guān)系較好,而對(duì)于不同斥水程度下的砂夾塿分別采用冪函數(shù)和對(duì)數(shù)函數(shù)表達(dá),。

    Abstract:

    The perforated plastic mulch affects soil water movement in the heterogeneous field. Especially when soil water repellency degrees are different, the soil water movement process tends to be more complicated. Soil column evaporation experiments were conducted for Lou soil layered by sand and sand layered by Lou soil at various hydrophobic degrees under the controlled open-hole-ratio conditions. The soil water evaporation and soil moisture profiles at different conditions were measured and analyzed. The results showed that the curves of cumulative evaporation and time for full plastic mulch were obviously low, the corresponding soil moisture profile for ten days of evaporation was closed to the initial moisture profile, and this characteristic was more suitable to Lou soil layered by sand. When the open-hole-ratio increased, the cumulative evaporation of the two types of layered soil increased obviously compared with the full plastic mulch condition, showing the decreasing of mulching effects for conserving water even at small open-hole-ratios. When the water repellency degree increased, the cumulative evaporation decreased slightly, indicating the hydrophobicity of soils slowed down the water movement speed. When soil was seriously hydrophobic, hydrophobicity affected soil water movement more than open-hole-ratios. Logarithmic functions fit well for describing cumulative evaporation and time of various hydrophobic degrees of Lou soil layered by sand, while power functions and logarithmic functions were selected for sand layered by various hydrophobic degrees of Lou soils.

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李毅,任鑫.覆膜開孔條件下斥水性層狀土壤蒸發(fā)實(shí)驗(yàn)[J].農(nóng)業(yè)機(jī)械學(xué)報(bào),2012,43(11):58-64. Li Yi, Ren Xin. Evaporation Experiments on Layered Water-repellent Soil under Perforated Plastic Mulch[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2012,43(11):58-64.

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  • 在線發(fā)布日期: 2012-11-16
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